08: The Respiratory System

wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal sections

thin hairs located just inside the nostrils

nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell

part of the lymphatic system... help protect the body from infection

make bones of the skull lighter, give resonance to the voice, produce mucus for lubrication

the throat, separated into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

"voice box", contains the vocal cords

a lid-like structure that protects the trachea and lungs from food entering them

"windpipe", transports air to and from the lungs

two large tubes that branch out from the trachea and convey air into the two lungs. these then further split into bronchioles

"air sacs" little grapelike clusters at the end of each bronchiole. this is where the oxygen/carbon dioxide echange occurs

detergent-like substance produced by the alveoli which reduces the surface tension of the fluid in the lungs. this makes the alveoli more stable so they don't collapse when someone exhales

three

the middle section of the chest cavity, located between the lungs

a thin, moist, and slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the thoracic cavity

outer layer of the pleura

inner layer of the pleura that covers each lung. attached directly to the lungs

the "pleural space". the thin, fluid-filled space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes.

dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen

stimulate the diaphragm and cause it contract

bringing air in and out of the lungs

cellular respiration

Ear, nose and throat doctor. Physician who specializes in disorders of the head and neck.

physician who specializes in the respiratory system

specializes in treating patients who are having difficulty breathing

performs operations on the organs inside the thorax, including the heart, lungs, and esophagus

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed. Generally permanent and progressive.

when the airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to an inhaled irritant. Mucus production is increased and walls of air passages are thickened, causing a bunch of problems

chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction.

contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, squeezing the airway shut

commonly referred to as an allergy. an allergic reaction to airborne allergens that causes an increased flow of mucus

inflammation of the lining of the nose not caused by an allergen... spicy food, cold weather, etc

an acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in a barking cough and stridor.

harsh, high-pitched sound caused by a blockage present when breathing in

nosebleed

whooping cough... bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract. Characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal (sudden, spasm-like) cough followed by breathlessness and a "whooping" sound as the person gasps for air

respiratory syncytial virus. most infections are mild but RSV can cause bronchiolitis in children and infants

runny nose

sore throat

sudden closure of the larynx. sometimes associated with GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)

loss of the ability to produce normal speech sounds

difficulty speaking

inflammation of the larynx. commonly used to describe the voice loss that is caused by this inflammation

"chest cold." inflammation of the bronchi caused by viral infection

permanent thickening of the walls of the bronchi. caused by chronic infection and inflammation

excessive discharge of watery mucus from the bronchi