12 major groups of animals?
Vertebrate and invertebrate
2Name all levels of classification
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
3What is an organisms name made up of?
Genus and Species
4What are adaptations?
Living things becoming adapted to their habitats
5Why are scientific names used?
Because they’re universal names (same in every language) it avoids confusion
6What do animals compete for?
Food
Territory
Mates
7What do plants compete for?
Light
Water
Minerals
Space
8What are the 2 categories of adaptations?
Behavioural and morphological
9What are the 5 classes of vertebrates
Amphibians
Fish
Birds
Mammals
Reptiles
10Who was classification created by?
Carl Linnaeus
11What is interspecific competition?
Different species competing
12What is intraspecific competition?
Members of same species competing
13What are the 2 major groups of plants?
Flowering and Non-flowering
14What is classification?
The grouping of animals/plants with similar characteristics
15What is biodiversity?
A measure of the variety of different species + the no. of species found in a area
16How do you measure biodiversity?
Quadrats
Capture mark recapture
17What things affect size of a population?
Predation
Pollution
Pathogen (disease)
18What can biodiversity and endangered species be protected by?
Captive breeding programmes
National parks
Seed/ sperm banks
SSSIs
19What human practices threaten biodiversity + habitats?
Building
Quarrying
Dumping trash
Agriculture
20What does biodiversity provide?
Food + potential foods
Industrial materials
New medicines
Enhances human wellbeing
21What is the method for using Quadrats
1- Randomly throw a quadrat
2- Count no. of diff species + no. of each
3- Take mean no. of each species from all quadrats
4- Multiply up to estimate how many in whole area
22Why is it important to take a random sample of an area?
Avoids biased data
23Why is taking a larger sample of an area better?
Gives a valid estimate of no. of plants in area
24How do you measure the biodiversity + different distribution of plants?
Quadrats
25What adaptations do Fennec Foxes have?
- Large ears, radiate heat away from body (morphological)
- Nocturnal (behavioural)
26What adaptations do Arctic Foxes have?
- Small furry ears, reduce heat loss
- White fur, camouflage from predators
27How do you measure biodiversity for animals?
Capture mark recapture
28What are the 3 Domains?
Eukarya
Bacteria
Archaea
29What are the 5 Kingdoms?
Animals
Plants
Single celled organisms
Bacteria
Fungi
30How can you measure how plant life changes along a route?
Set quadrats out in a row- 1m apart, called a transect
31What is the method for capture mark recapture?
1- Collect animals found in 1 area without trampling habitat/ leaving litter
2- Mark animals and return them to area
3- Wait until they reintegrate
4- Return and collect as many animals as u can find (marked+unmarked animals)
5- Use equation to calculate estimated population size
32How to calculate population size?
number in 1st sample x number in 2nd sample
—————————————————————
number in 2nd sample that were marked
33What assumptions are made when using capture mark recapture?
No death of animals
No emigration/immigration of animals
Marking technique doesnt affect chances of survival
34What is biological control?
The use of an organism to control the population size of another species by eating it.
Often predator used to kill prey species that have became a pest.
35What is a pest?
A organism that eats a crop plant
36What are alien species?
An organism introduced into the country it doesn’t normally live in
37What are invasive species?
An alien organism that has a negative effect on the native species
38What are the advantages to biological control?
Specific for pest
People aren’t affected
More economic alternative to chemical control
39What disadvantages are there with biological control?
Predator may reproduce out of control
Time consuming
40What is an example of an alien species + what happened?
North American Grey Squirrel, introduced to UK- carried pox virus which was lethal to Red Squirrel population, which wiped them out.
41What is chemical control?
Use of chemicals to control a pest species
42Advantages of chemical control?
Less time consuming
43Disadvantages to chemical control?
Damages environment
Kill other non-pest species
Can be overused- pest becomes resistant to it
44What is a producer?
Organism thats able to make its own food
45What does abiotic mean?
Non-living factors that can affect a community, eg. light, temp, soil pH
46What does biotic mean?
Living factors that can affect a community, eg. availability of food, new predators arriving, new diseases
47What is interdependence?
Each species depending on one another, in a community, for food, shelter, pollination, etc. (if one species is removed- affects whole community)