Biology, cell division and stem cells
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1
What are chromosomes?
Linear arrangements of genes
2
What do genes code for?
Characteristics
3
What is an allele?
Different version of the same gene
4
Where in the cell is DNA stored?
Nucleus, contains chromosomes
5
What chromosomes do Males have?
XY
6
What chromosomes do Females have?
XX
7
What is the full name for DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
8
What are stem cells?
Undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into any other type of cell
9
What are the sources of stem cells?
Embryonic tissue
Adult stem cells (bone marrow)
Adult stem cells (bone marrow)
10
What are the uses of stem cells?
Treat brain/ muscle damage, organ problems, cancer, spinal cord damage, deafness and blindness
11
What are lots of diseases/ health problems caused by?
Loss of stem cells or malfunction of stem cells
12
What can bone marrow stem cells differentiate into?
Red blood cells
Platelets
White blood cells
Platelets
White blood cells
13
What are plant stem cells called? What do they do?
Meristems, they produce new plants or plant organs
14
What are the benefits with using embryonic cells?
They can differentiate into any cell
Treat a variety of diseases
Completely painless to harvest
Treat a variety of diseases
Completely painless to harvest
15
What are the risks with using embryonic cells?
Body may reject them- not their own stem cells
It’s untested and unreliable
It’s untested and unreliable
16
What are the social and ethical issues with using embryonic cells?
Embryo could have became a life
Life is being destroyed by taking the stem cells from it
Life is being destroyed by taking the stem cells from it
17
What are the disadvantages of using adult stem cells (bone marrow)?
They can only differentiate into some types of cells (blood)
18
Why is it better to use your own stem cells?
No rejection
No donor needed
No tissue typing needed
Avoids use of embryonic stem cells
No donor needed
No tissue typing needed
Avoids use of embryonic stem cells
19
What are the 2 types of cell division?
Meiosis
Mitosis
Mitosis
20
What is mitosis used for?
Growth
Repair
Replacement of old cells
Repair
Replacement of old cells
21
How many daughter cells does mitosis produce?
2
22
What are the characteristics of each of the daughter cells in mitosis?
Genetically identical
Same no. of chromosomes as mother cell
Same no. of chromosomes as mother cell
23
What is the result of uncontrolled mitosis?
Cancer
24
What does the DNA do during mitosis?
Replicates, one copy of each chromosome goes into each cell
25
What is meiosis used for?
Formation of sex cells (gametes) for sexual reproduction
26
How many chromosomes does the mother cell have in meiosis?
4 (2 pairs- diploid)
27
How many times do the cells divide in meiosis?
A single cell divides twice- producing 4 cells (haploid)
28
What type of cell division is this?
Meiosis
29
What type of cell division is this?
Mitosis