Digestive system
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1
What are the two groups of organs in the digestive system?
GI tract organs and accesory organs
2
What organs are part of the GI tract?
Mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
3
What are examples of accessory digestive organs?
Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
4
Where does chemical digestion begin
Mouth
5
What enzyme is found in saliva?
Amylase
6
What is the pH of the stomach?
1-2
7
What is the pH in the mouth?
6.7-7
8
What cells in the stomach secrete pepsinogen?
What cells in the stomach secrete pepsinogen?
Chief cells
9
What cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?
What cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?
Parietal cells
10
What is the role of bile in digestion?
Emulsifies large lipid molecules
11
What is the length of the oesophagus?
25cm avg
12
What are the six basic processes of the digestive system?
What are the six basic processes of the digestive system?
Ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, digestion, absorption, defecation
13
Where does most absorption occur in the digestive system?
Small intestine
14
What are the three regions of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
15
What organ secretes pancreatic juice?
Pancreas
16
What are the components of bile?
Water, bile salts, bilirubin, cholesterol, lecithin, ions
17
What is the function of the large intestine?
Extract moisture and salts, create and store faeces
18
What is the primary role of the liver in digestion?
Synthesis of bile salts and secretion of bile
19
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Stores bile between meals
20
What does the ileocaecal valve connect?
The ileum of the small intestine to the caecum of the large intestine
21
What are the four main parts of the colon?
Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
22
What structure isolates infection in the abdomen?
Peritoneum
23
What are the two layers of the peritoneum?
Parietal layer and visceral layer
24
What is the main function of villi in the small intestine?
Increase surface area for absorption
25
What does the pancreatic juice contain?
Water, salts, sodium bicarbonate, enzymes (such as amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin)
26
Where is the pancreas located?
Epigastric and left hypochondriac regions
27
What happens to the semisolid bolus in the stomach?
Converted to liquid and some absorption occurs
28
What is the main purpose of the pyloric sphincter?
Controls emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
29
What gives faeces its color?
Stercobilin
30
What is a function of the large intestine’s bacteria?
Aid in the production of Vitamin K
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