1how many bones in the ankle and foot complex?
joints?
ligaments?
extrinsic muscles?
intrinsic muscles?
28 bones
33 joints
112 ligaments
13 extrinsic muscles
21 intrinsic muscles
2what are the functions of the ankle and foot
weightbearing
balance
shock absorption
proprioception
righting for uneven surfaces
3what are the motions of the ankle
plantar flexion
dorsiflexion
eversion
inversion
4what is included in the hindfoot
talus and calcaneus
5what is included in the midfoot
navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms
6what is included in the forefoot
metatarsals and phalanges
7what are the joints of the ankle
talocrucal joint
subtalar joint
8what is included in the talocrucal joint
what type of joint is the talocrucal joint
what is the function of the talocrucal joint
- tibia, fibula, and talus
- hinge joint
- creates dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
9what is included in the subtalar joint
what is the function of the subtalar joint
- talus and calcaneus
- allows for rotation: eversion and inversion
10what is the purpose of the arches in the feet
weightbearing
walking, running, jumping
11what are the arches in the feet
lateral longitudinal
medial longitudinal
transverse
12how is the plantar aponeurosis different than the palmar aponeurosis
plantar is thicker
13what are the functions of the plantar aponeurosis
- supports arches of foot and protects structures
- aids in weightbearing
14what is the plantar aponeurosis prone to
prone to microtears and inflammation
- plantar fasciitis
15how can we functionally assess the lower extremity
standing balance
stnading tolerance
transfers
ADLs, IADLs, functional mobility
16what is a knee arthroplasty
-total knee replacement
- no weightbearing precautions
- avoid rotation of the knee
17what is foot drop
inability to actively dorsiflex ankle
18what are the risks for someone with foot drop
gastrocnemius contraction
inability to clear toe during gait
high fall risk
19what is the purpose of ankle foot orthrosis (AFO)
positions ankle in neutral
20what are the knee, foot and ankle precautions
fractures, sprains, strains
arthritis
contractures
pain
cognition
cancer
cardiac precautions
21what are the knee, foot and ankle contraindications
patellar tendon rupture
acute fracture
infection - TKA
achilles tendon rupture
grade 3 ankle sprain
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)