Ankle and Foot
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1
how many bones in the ankle and foot complex?
joints?
ligaments?
extrinsic muscles?
intrinsic muscles?
joints?
ligaments?
extrinsic muscles?
intrinsic muscles?
28 bones
33 joints
112 ligaments
13 extrinsic muscles
21 intrinsic muscles
33 joints
112 ligaments
13 extrinsic muscles
21 intrinsic muscles
2
what are the functions of the ankle and foot
weightbearing
balance
shock absorption
proprioception
righting for uneven surfaces
balance
shock absorption
proprioception
righting for uneven surfaces
3
what are the motions of the ankle
plantar flexion
dorsiflexion
eversion
inversion
dorsiflexion
eversion
inversion
4
what is included in the hindfoot
talus and calcaneus
5
what is included in the midfoot
navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms
6
what is included in the forefoot
metatarsals and phalanges
7
what are the joints of the ankle
talocrucal joint
subtalar joint
subtalar joint
8
what is included in the talocrucal joint
what type of joint is the talocrucal joint
what is the function of the talocrucal joint
what type of joint is the talocrucal joint
what is the function of the talocrucal joint
- tibia, fibula, and talus
- hinge joint
- creates dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
- hinge joint
- creates dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
9
what is included in the subtalar joint
what is the function of the subtalar joint
what is the function of the subtalar joint
- talus and calcaneus
- allows for rotation: eversion and inversion
- allows for rotation: eversion and inversion
10
what is the purpose of the arches in the feet
weightbearing
walking, running, jumping
walking, running, jumping
11
what are the arches in the feet
lateral longitudinal
medial longitudinal
transverse
medial longitudinal
transverse
12
how is the plantar aponeurosis different than the palmar aponeurosis
plantar is thicker
13
what are the functions of the plantar aponeurosis
- supports arches of foot and protects structures
- aids in weightbearing
- aids in weightbearing
14
what is the plantar aponeurosis prone to
prone to microtears and inflammation
- plantar fasciitis
- plantar fasciitis
15
how can we functionally assess the lower extremity
standing balance
stnading tolerance
transfers
ADLs, IADLs, functional mobility
stnading tolerance
transfers
ADLs, IADLs, functional mobility
16
what is a knee arthroplasty
-total knee replacement
- no weightbearing precautions
- avoid rotation of the knee
- no weightbearing precautions
- avoid rotation of the knee
17
what is foot drop
inability to actively dorsiflex ankle
18
what are the risks for someone with foot drop
gastrocnemius contraction
inability to clear toe during gait
high fall risk
inability to clear toe during gait
high fall risk
19
what is the purpose of ankle foot orthrosis (AFO)
positions ankle in neutral
20
what are the knee, foot and ankle precautions
fractures, sprains, strains
arthritis
contractures
pain
cognition
cancer
cardiac precautions
arthritis
contractures
pain
cognition
cancer
cardiac precautions
21
what are the knee, foot and ankle contraindications
patellar tendon rupture
acute fracture
infection - TKA
achilles tendon rupture
grade 3 ankle sprain
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
acute fracture
infection - TKA
achilles tendon rupture
grade 3 ankle sprain
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
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