1Calculate
Perform mathematical steps to arrive at a final answer, including algebraic expressions, properly substituted numbers, and correct labeling of units and significant figures.
2Construct/Draw:
Create a diagram, graph, representation, or model that illustrates or explains relationships or phenomena. Labels may or may not be required.
3Describe
Provide relevant characteristics of a specified topic. (what)
4Determine
Decide or conclude after reasoning, observation, or applying mathematical routines (calculations).
5Evaluate
Judge or determine the significance or importance of information, or the quality or accuracy of a claim.
6Explain
Provide information about how or why a relationship, process, pattern, position, situation, or outcome occurs, using evidence and/or reasoning to support or qualfiy a claim. Explain “how” typically requires analyzing the relationship, process, pattern, position, situation, or outcome; whereas, explain “why” typically requires analysis of motivations or reasons for the relationship, process, pattern, position, situation, or outcome.
(how/why)
7Identify
Indicate or provide information about a specified topic, without elaboration or explanation.
8Justify
Provide evidence to support, qualify, or defend a claim, and/or provide reasoning to explain how that evidence supports or qualifies the claim.
9Make a claim
Make an assertion that is based on evidence or knowledge.
10Predict/Make a prediction
Predict the causes or effects of a change in, or disruption to, one or more components in a relationship, pattern, process, or system.
11Represent
Use appropriate graphs, symbols, words, illustrations, and/or tables of numerical values to describe biological concepts, characteristics, and/or relationships
12State (the null/alternative hypothesis)
Indicate or provide a hypothesis to support or defend a claim about a scientifically testable question.
13Support a claim
Provide reasoning to explain how evidence supports or qualifies a claim.