Exam 2: Part 2 Review

1. Protection against UV radiation, microbial invasion, and trauma
2. Prevents dehydration
3. Vitamin D production
4. Sensory function (receptors for things like touch, temperature, pain etc.)

The bodies outer covering (skin) including the epidermis and dermis layers

Integument

The outermost layer of the skin

Epidermis

The layer beneath the epidermis

Dermis

The layer deep to the skin that is composed of adipose tissue

Hypodermis

Primary cell type in the epidermis responsible for producing keratin

Keratinocyte

Cells located in the stratum bassale of the epidermis that produce melanin

Melanocyte

Sensory receptors that detect light, touch, and texture

Merkel Cell

Thick Skin
- Found only on soles of the feet and palms of hands
- 5 layers (strata) in the epidermis
- Has a Stratium Lucinieum

Thin Skin
- Found on the rest of the body
- 4 layers (strata) in the epidermis

1. Protects soft tissues (Ex. Skull protects the soft tissue of the brain)
2. Makes up internal framework (Support)
3. Bones serve as levers for voluntary movement
4. Site of Hematopoiesis (Formation of red, white, and platelets)
5. Storage of inorganic salts (Ex. Calcium, Phosphate, Magnesium, etc.)

Longer than they are wide (Ex. Hummerus, Radius, Ulna, Femur, etc.)

Long Bones

Square or cube like in appearance (Ex. Carpals and Tarsals)

Short Bones

Thin layer of compact bone with spongy sandwiched in-between; usually long, flattened, and curved (Ex. Sternum, Ribs, Skull Bones, etc.)

Flat Bones

Complicated shapes that don't fit into the other categories (Ex. Vertebrae and Coxal bones)

Irregular Bones

Complicated shapes that don't fit into the other categories (Ex. Vertebrae and Coxal bones)

Oval-shaped or sometimes sesame seed shaped; typically associated with joints (Ex. Patella)

Bones that form between the sutures of the skull

See photo

Osteoblast
Osteocyte
Osteoclast

Bone forming cell that is actively secreting matrix (B for Build)

Osteoblast

Mature bone cell surrounded by matrix (Lacuna surrounds bone)

Osterocyte

Large Multinucleate cells that secrete acids to break down bone (C for Cut)

Osteoclast

Red Marrow
- Found in the spaces in between spongy bone (In adults)
- Site of blood cell formation (Hemopoieses)

Yellow Marrow
- Primarily found in the medullary cavity of long bones
- Made up of adipose (used for energy storage)

1. Protects the soft tissue of the brain
2. Contains openings for special sense organs (eyes, ears etc.)
3. Site for muscle attachment

Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton

Made of 80 bones including the ones that make up our skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

Axial Skeleton

Made up of 126 bones including the bones of the upper and lower limbs and pectoral and pelvic girdles

Appendicular Skeleton