Cycles (1)

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Water, and Energy cycle

nitrogen cycle involves several stages such as: nitrogen fixation, nitrification, assimilation, ammonification , and denitrification

Nitrogen cycle is a is a biogeochemical process through which nitrogen is converted into many forms, consecutively passing from the atmosphere to the soil to organism and back into the atmosphere
-is necessary for our food supply BUT excess nitrogen can harm the environment.
-Nitrogen is important to all living things, including us.

Human activities (e.g. fossil fuels)

-Nitrogen helps to form proteins
-protein is beneficial for human skin, muscle building, hair, and digestive system.
-Humans and organisms eat nitrogen present in plants
after the death of organisms, their body gets mixed again in the soil.

-Oxygen cycle is the biochemical cycle that helps to move oxygen through the three central regions of earth.
-It involves the production and consumption of oxygen, which leads to a constant level of oxygen available in the atmosphere

Stages of Oxygen cycle:
Stage-1: All green plants during the process of photosynthesis, release oxygen back into the atmosphere as a by-product.
Stage-2: All aerobic organisms use free oxygen for respiration.
Stage-3: Animals exhale Carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere which is again used by the plants during photosynthesis. Now oxygen is balanced within the atmosphere.

The three major reservoirs: Atmosphere (layers of gases) Lithosphere (solid outer section) Biosphere (ecosystem)

-Most living things need oxygen to survive.
-Oxygen helps organisms grow, reproduce, and turn food into energy
-Oxygen present in the atsmopshere is used for
combustion
decomposition
respiration
that produces energy and releasing carbon dioxide

In the process of photosynthesis, plants utilize carbon dioxide resulting in the production of oxygen and energy
Oxygen goes back to the atmosphere, and the same cycle continues

Carbon cycle is nature's way of reusing carbon atoms, which travel from the atmosphere into organisms in the Earth and then back into the atmosphere over and over again
Most carbon is stored in rocks and sediments, while the rest is stored in the ocean, atmosphere, and living organisms.

carbon cycle between the air and the surface include: --fossil fuel and wood burning
-volcanic eruptions
-land and sea photosynthesis
-atmosphere and sea gas exchange
Carbon cycle on land include:
-weathering
-runoff
-sedimentation
-soil accumulation

Carbon is and essential element and the basis of all life on Earth;
-we are made of carbon
-we consume carbon
-economies, homes, and transpportation are built on carbon
Carbon compounds
-regulate the Earth's temperature
-make up the food that sustains us
-provide energy that fuels economy

Human activities have a tremendous impact on the carbon cycle.
Example:
-Burning fossil fuels
-changing land use
-using limestone to make concrete all transfer significant quantities of carbon into the atmosphere.

water cycle shows the continuous movement of water within the Earth and atmosphere.

Evaporation
Precipitation
Collection
Condensation
Transpiration
Transportation
Sublimation

Water cycle enables the availability of water for all living organisms, regulates weather patterns, and provides a reliable supply of freshwater to survive

Location
Temperature
Topography

Energy of the sun is the original source of most of the energy on earth
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed but can be transferred and transformed

Source :
-Producer (ex. plants)
Energy gets degraded to :
-Primary consumer (ex. herbivores)
-Secondary consumer (ex. carnivores)
-Tertiary consumer (ex. top carnivores)
Energy goes back to the soil
-Decomposer (ex. mushroom, earthworms)

Through photosynthesis, plants transform inorganic inputs (carbon, water, nitrogen, phosphorus etc.) into the different myriads of different energy-rich organic mat

Distance between the Earth and the Sun
the tilt of the Earth
Small factors (humidity, precipitation, temperature etc.)