Middle Ages 2 (Churches Cases Study)
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1
Who was a J.P?
Justice of Peace
2
What did a J.P do?
They sat in local courts hearing cases
3
What did Royal Judges do?
They Travelled Around the Country Holding Courts for Serious Crimes.
4
As well as Royal Courts, what other courts existed in England?
Church Courts
5
What was the trial for priests?
Trial by Blessed Bread
6
what was Trial by Blessed Bread?
• Taken by Priests
• Priest Had to Pray & Ask that He Would Choke if he was Lying
• If Choked Guility because God Wouldn't Let Sinner Eat Blessed Bread
• Priest Had to Pray & Ask that He Would Choke if he was Lying
• If Choked Guility because God Wouldn't Let Sinner Eat Blessed Bread
7
When were Trial By Ordeals stopped? Who by?
In 1215 by the Pope Innocent III
8
What was Trial by Ordeal replaced by?
Trial by Jury
9
Who organised church courts?
Local Bishops
10
Who went to Church Courts?
Churchmen
11
Give exampled of a crime ordinary people committed that were tried in Church Courts.
• Failure to attend Church
• Gambling
• Drunkness
• Homosexuality
• Adultery
• Gambling
• Drunkness
• Homosexuality
• Adultery
12
Which king tried to limit powers of the Church Courts?
King Henry II
13
What is Benefit of the Clergy?
Benefit of the Clergy is a term that describes when a Priest Was Tried in a Church Court.
14
Which other groups of people could use the Church Courts?
Anyone connected to the church
(Grave digers)
(Grave digers)
15
Why did people prefer to go to Church Courts and not Royal Courts?
The Church Courts were more lenient when deciding punishments.
16
What test did the Church Use to Decide Who Could Be Tried in a Church Court & why?
Accused had to Read a Verse From Bible to Claim Benefit of the Clergy
Because in Thirteenth Century, Only Priests Could Read and was Believed Non-churchmen Would Fail Test
Because in Thirteenth Century, Only Priests Could Read and was Believed Non-churchmen Would Fail Test
17
what were the punishments used by the Church Courts?
•Pilgrimage
•Confession
•Apology at Mass
•Confession
•Apology at Mass
18
How did non priests get into the church courts?
Many Learnt the Bible Verse By Heart and passed the test
19
where could a criminal go to claim sanctuary & what happened?
Go to some Important Churchs or Cathedrals & Use Santury Knocker
• Priest Woud Report Crime but No One Was Allowed Arrest accused
• Accused Could Agree go Court or Swear an Oath of Agreeing & Leave Country & if they have Not Left Country Within 40 Days they Would be Outlawed
• Priest Woud Report Crime but No One Was Allowed Arrest accused
• Accused Could Agree go Court or Swear an Oath of Agreeing & Leave Country & if they have Not Left Country Within 40 Days they Would be Outlawed
20
how long did sanctuary last and what did the criminal have to decide?
40 days
The criminal had to decide whether to face trial or leave the country
The criminal had to decide whether to face trial or leave the country
21
What was the verse read from the bible?
Neck Verse or Psalm 51
Because it saved there neck.
Because it saved there neck.
22
What did Sanctuary and Benefit The Clergy Signify?
Churches Operated in an Alternative Justice Outside Authorities