1bacteria genus positive in catalse test
staphylococcus
2positive result in catals test
gas formation through bubbling
3staphylococcus species positive in novobiocin test
staphylococcus epidermidis
4resistant to novobiocin
staphylococcus saprophyticus
5zone of inhibition of novobiocin sensitive bacteria
greater than 16 mm
6culture media specific to staphylococcus aureus
mannitol salt agar (differential media)
7virulence factors of s. aureus
protein A
coagulase
hemolysin
leukocidins
penicillinase
8diseases cause by exotoxin release s. aureus
gastroenteritis
toxic shock syndrome
scalded skin syndrome
9caused by foods containing s. aureus
gastroenteritis
10common in ladies using tampons
toxic shock syndrome
11similar to 3rd degree burns
scalded skin syndrome
12diseases caused by direct organ infection of s. aureus
pneumonia
meningitis
osteomyelitis
acute endocarditis
septic arthritis
skin infections
13inflammation of meninges which can lead to permanent brain damage
meningitis
14inflammation of outer layer of heart
acute endocarditis
15infection of the outer layer of skin caused by s. aureus. It causes itchy reddish sores often around the nose and mouth
impetigo
16deep infection of the skin caused by s. aureus. it leads to redness, swelling, pain, and heat in the skin
cellulitis
17lump or swelling on the skin that contain pus
boils/ local abscesses
18skin abscesses caused by s. aureus, which involve a hair follicle and surrounding tissue
furuncle
19clusters of furuncles connected subcutaneously, causing deeper suppuration and scarring
carbuncle
20staphylococcus specie normally present in the skin
staphylococcus epidermidis
21contaminant in urinalyis, blood sampling, catheters, and causes infection of prosthetic devices
satphylococcus epidermidis
22second leading cause of UTI in sexually active young women
staphylococcus saprophyticus
23partial clearing and greening of blood, positive for degredation of hemogloin pigment intro biliverdin
alpha-hemolysis streptococcus
24compleate clearing of RBCs, positive for production of hemolysins
bete-hemolysis streptococcus
25no clearing with or without rusting, negative for hemolysis
gamma-hemolysis streptococcus
26test under alpha hemolytic strep
bile optochin test
27strep. species sensitive to bile optochin
streptococcus pneumoniae
28strep. species resistant to bile optochin
viridans group streptococci
29test under beta hemolytic strep
bacitracin test
30strep. species sensitive to bacitracin
streptococcus pyogenes
31strep. species resistant to bacitracin
streptococcus agalactiae
32test under gamma hemolytic strep
bile esculin test
33bacteria that has a positive result in bile esculin test
enterococcus (streptococcus Group D)
34Virulence factor of enterococcus
m-protein
toxins: streptokinase, streptodornase, hyaluronidase
erythrogenic toxin: produces rashes and redness
35based on antigenic characteristic of c-carbohydrate found in cell wall
lancefield classification
36Group A streptococcus
streptococcus pyogenes
37enzymes contributing to pyogenes' pathogenicity
streptolysin o
streptolysin s
pyrogenic/ erythrogenic toxin
streptokinase
38has hemolytic properties
antigenic - antistreptolysin O (ASO) antibodies
streptolysin O
39has hemolytic properties but is not antigenic
streptolysin S
40diseases caused by local invasion/ exotoxin release of pyogenes
streptococcal pharyngitis (tonsilitis, pharyngitis)
streptococcal skin infections (cellulits, impetigo, necrotizinf fasciiitis)
scarlet fever
streptococcal tss
41strawberry like tongue, identified through dick's test
scarlet fever
42streptococcus group A
streptococcus pyogenes
43disease caused by delayed antibody-mediated release
rheumatic fever
44major manifestations of rheumatic fever
fever
myocarditis (heart inflammation)
joint swelling (arthritis)
chorea
subcutaneous nodules
erythema marginatum
45manifestation of rheumatic fever. It is the uncontrolled dance-like movements of the extremities (similar to parkinsons). This manifestation usually begins 2-3 weeks after the pharyngitis
chorea
46a rare skin rash that usually develops in response to rhematic fever. Has similar characteristic to psoriasis.
erythema marginatum (chicken wire erythema)
47streptococcus group B
streptococcus agalactiae
48normal flora of the mouth and vagina but when overgrowth occurs it causes neonatal meningitis, penumonia, and sepsis
streptococcus agalactiae
49streptococcus group D classification
enterococci
non-enterococci
50enterococci species
enterococcus faecalis
enterococcus faecium
51disease caused by enterococci
UTI
biliary tract
bacterimia
52non-enterococci species
streptococcus bovis
streptococcus equinus
53disease caused by streptococcus bovis
strongly associated with colon cancer
54an unclassified streptococcus
streptococcus pneuomoniae
viridans group
- streptococcua salivarus
- streptococcus sanguis
- streptococcus intermedius
-streptococcu mutans
55characteristic of streptococcus pneumoniae
lancet-shaped
diplococci
encapsulated
56diseases caused by streptococcus pneumoniae
penumonia in adult
bacterial meningitis in adult
otitis media in children
57manifestation of penumonia in adults
shaking, chills, high fevers, chest pain, shortness of breath
alveoli of one or more lung lobes filled up with wbs (pus), bacteria or exudate
yellow-green phlegm that reveals diplococci on gram stain
58 an unclassified streptococcus that cause dental infections, endocarditis, abscesses
streptococcus mutans