1Pattern of inheritance involving single genes with dominant and recessive alleles that follow Mendel’s laws?
Mendelian inheritance
2Rule stating that in a heterozygote the dominant allele masks the recessive allele?
Law of dominance
3Allele that is expressed phenotypically even when only one copy is present?
Dominant allele
4Allele that is expressed only when two copies are present?
Recessive allele
5Study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes described by Gregor Mendel?
Mendelian genetics
6Segment of DNA that controls a specific trait?
Gene
7Alternative form of a gene found at the same locus?
Allele
8Specific physical location of a gene on a chromosome?
Locus
9Principle stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation so each gamete carries one allele?
Law of segregation
10Sex cell that carries one allele for each gene?
Gamete
11Individual who has one recessive allele but does not show the disease?
Carrier
12Disorder where one copy of a mutant gene is enough to cause disease?
Autosomal dominant disorder
13Disorder that appears only when two recessive alleles are inherited?
Autosomal recessive disorder
14Non-sex chromosome?
Autosome
15Principle stating that alleles of different genes separate independently during gamete formation?
Law of independent assortment
16Genes located close together on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together?
Linked genes
17Diagram used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring?
Punnett square
18Genetic cross involving one trait?
Monohybrid cross
19Ratio of different genotypes in offspring?
Genotypic ratio
20Ratio of observable traits in offspring?
Phenotypic ratio
21Genetic cross involving two traits?
Dihybrid cross
22Random distribution of different gene pairs into gametes?
Independent assortment
23Inheritance patterns that do not follow Mendel’s laws?
Non-Mendelian genetics
24Pattern of inheritance where the heterozygote shows an intermediate phenotype?
Incomplete dominance
25Pattern of inheritance where both alleles are fully and equally expressed?
Codominance
26Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes?
Sex-linked inheritance
27Inheritance of traits carried on the X chromosome?
X-linked inheritance
28Condition of having only one copy of a gene, as seen in males for X-linked genes?
Hemizygous
29Female who carries an X-linked recessive allele without showing symptoms?
Carrier female