The Ureters
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1
The ureters are
The ureters are retroperitoneal
2
TEST QUESTION In females, near the ischial
spine, they turn ,
and below the
uterine vessels, and they are
about from the
cervix.
spine, they turn ,
and below the
uterine vessels, and they are
about from the
cervix.
TEST QUESTION In females, near the ischial
spine, they turn downward,
forward and medially below the
uterine vessels, and they are
about 1.5 to 2 cm from the
cervix.
spine, they turn downward,
forward and medially below the
uterine vessels, and they are
about 1.5 to 2 cm from the
cervix.
3
The ureters have 3 main anatomically constricted points
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
The ureters have 3 main anatomically constricted points
(1) Ureteric-pelvic (renal pelvis) junction
(2) Pelvic brim
(3) In the bladder as they enter obliquely into its superoposterior wall.
(1) Ureteric-pelvic (renal pelvis) junction
(2) Pelvic brim
(3) In the bladder as they enter obliquely into its superoposterior wall.
4
Treatment for nephrolithiasis is
Treatment for nephrolithiasis is ECSW
5
What are the 5 blood supplies of the ureters?
• Renal branches
• Gonadal branches
• Aortic branches
• Common iliac artery
• Superior vesical artery (from the
umbilical a.)
• Gonadal branches
• Aortic branches
• Common iliac artery
• Superior vesical artery (from the
umbilical a.)
6
What are the two nerve supplies of the ureters?
• Renal plexus
• Hypogastric plexus
• Hypogastric plexus
7
The cortex of the adrenal gland makes
Sugar, Salt, and Sex
(1) Glucocorticoids
(2) Mineralocorticoids
(aldosterone)
(3) Androgens, estroge
(1) Glucocorticoids
(2) Mineralocorticoids
(aldosterone)
(3) Androgens, estroge
8
The medulla of the adrenal gland makes
Adrenalin
9
What is the posterior relationship of the adrenal glands?
The diaphram
10
What are the right and left anterior relationships of the adrenal glands?
Right: bare area of the
liver, and the IVC
Left: lesser sac
liver, and the IVC
Left: lesser sac
11
TEST QUESTION What are the 3 arterial supplies of the adrenal glands?
(1) Superior suprarenal artery (inferior phrenic artery)
(2) Middle suprarenal artery (abdominal aorta)
(3) Inferior suprarenal artery (renal artery)
(2) Middle suprarenal artery (abdominal aorta)
(3) Inferior suprarenal artery (renal artery)
12
TEST QUESTION What are the two venous supplies of the adrenal glands? Where do they drain?
(1) Right suprarenal vein drains IVC
(2) Left suprarenal vein drains left renal vein
(2) Left suprarenal vein drains left renal vein
13
What are the two nerve supplies of the adrenal glands?
(1) Celiac plexus
(2) Lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-L2)
(2) Lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-L2)
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