UN: Creation and Work to 1964

- elected every 5 years
- bring threats to attention of security council

oversee sustainable development, HR and UN 5 regional development commissions

not used since Palau gained independence 1994

- 15 judges
- once a country takes a case to the ICJ, it must accept the decision made

recommendations on peace and security need 2/3 majority

non-permanent set distribution - 1 from Eastern Europe, 2 from Africa

- peacekeepers
- council decisions

- blue helmets
- 2016 - over 95,000 personnel from over 120 countries
- article 2 - all members must contribute

- simple majority for international security (if P5 agree)
- 9/15 majority

- cold war
- membership
- peacekeepers
- P5

- 114 USSR and 96 USA vetoes 1946-91
- 13 peacekeeping missions until 1985, 36 between 1988-2015
- 75 USSR vetoes 1946-55 - majority against new members - felt assembly too aligned with West

- 75 USSR vetoes 1946-55 - majority against new members - felt assembly too aligned with west
- Sub-Saharan and Asian LEDCs not reflected in decisions due to security council
- Chinese nationalists in Taiwan kept permanent seat until 1971

- disband
- arrive after
- cold war made cooperation on UN own forces impossible

- same since 1945
- lack of countries from some areas
- Brazil and India potential new superpowers

- both groups claimed ownership
- international influence

- Jews expelled 70CE
- became Arab Muslim land under Ottoman empire
- Jewish terrorist campaign in Palestine

- handed to GB by LON mandate
- GB refused to take 100,000 jewish settlers there
- Arabs said Palestine partition contradicted UN charter principle of self-determination

194

- refugees return or compensation
- Jerusalem demilitarised
- passed without veto

- 1 million Arab refugees
- UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian refugees (UNRWA) began work shortly after - still ongoing

- 1st UN involvement
- 1st peacekeeping force established
- no veto

- res 377(v)
- UN mediators negotiated armistice
- 1st time forces deployed to a country to restore peace
- cooperation without veto - 16 nations took part

enabled assembly to hold emergency meeting on behalf of security council - get around USSR veto

- USSR vetoed resolutions calling for Chinese withdrawal
- some saw UN as tool of US foreign policy - wanted new objective of destroying Northern communism

- Belgium
- Congo tensions

- independence with 6 months' notice
- thousands of Belgians stayed - still no black officers in army
- Belgium sent troops to stop attacks against white people

- army mutinied against new gov and Belgian officers
- new and inexperienced gov
- local leader Moise Tshombe declared independence for resource-rich Katanga province

- Operation Rumpunch - all mercenaries left Congo by 1962
- 1st intervention in internal affairs - 3 way civil war
- largest involvement - 20,000 personnel
- refused to back down despite criticism and Secretary General being killed in a plane crash

- complexity - 3 way civil war and military coup by Mobutu Sese Seko (army leader)
- violence - Lumumba captured by Tshombe's men and killed
- conflict back in 1965