Drugs in sport

-created in 1999 through collective initiative led by the IOC to promote, coordinate and monitor the fight against drugs in sport

in competitive sport, it refers to the use of banned performance enhancing drugs by athletic competitors

drugs that enduce a temporary improvement in mental and physical functioning

a hormone naturally produced by the kidneys but can alos be artificially produced to increase performance in endurance athletes e.g lond-distance cycling.

a banned steroid used to increase power which was tweaked by chemists to make it undetectable by 'normal tests'

bay area laboratory cooperative. behind one of the highest scandals in drugs history as the source of THG, with several ahletes implicated and banned from sport

a system designed to support out of competition testing which requires athletes to supply the details of thier whereabouts so they can be located at anytime and wnywhere for testing, with or without notice

-win at all costs attitude, -fame and fortune attached to winning (high extrinsic reward e.g money and sponsorship). -high leves of pressure to win from a variety of places e.g coaches and family. - a coach could persuade the athlete to take drugs because all their competitors do so they wont be competing on a level playing field. -lack of effective deterants and firm beliefe they wont get caught. -

-to steady nerves and decrease anxitey. -increase agression. -increase self confidence and belief

-counteracts adrenalin that interferes with performance by binding to nerve receptors. -keeps heart rate low. -decreases trembling in hands. -increases blood flow through arterys. -decreases muscle spasms

-stimulates red blood cell production. -increases endurance. -delays onset of fatigue. -aids recovery from training

-uphold traditions of sports/eithics/equality. -standard list of banned substances/same testing procedures and sminular punishments. -random tests are more effective. -shared costs between all sports. -performers are not able to 'pick and choose' based on drug testing procedures.

-win-at-all costs attitude dominates modern day sport. -fame and fortune attached to success. - high levels of pressure to win. - other athletes use it. makes the playing field unlevel. -lack of effective deterants and poor role models

artificially produced hormones.

medication used for heart conditions, that works by widening the arteries, allowing increased bloodflow and reducing muscle spasms

increases haemoglobin levels

power athletes and sprinters

-aids storage of proteins and promotes muscle growth and development of muscle tissue, increasing strength and power. -less fat in muscle and lean body weight. -improves body capacity to train longer at higher intensity, reducing fatigue

high precision sports e.g golfer

Improves accuracy by steadying nerves.
Calm performance anxiety and keeps HR low and decreases tremble in hands.
Counteracts adrenaline that interferes with performance by preventing it from binding to nerve receptors

Endurance performers e.g. long-distance runners who need effective oxygen transport.

Stimulates red blood cell production leading to an increase in O2 carrying capacity of the body.
Increase amount of work performed.
Increase endurance.
Delay onset of fatigue.

Liver damage.
Heart problems.
Immune system problems.
Acne.
Behavioural changes e.g. aggression and mood swings.

Tiredness due to low blood pressure.
Slower HR will affect aerobic capacity.

Blood clotting.
Stroke.
Death (in rare cases).

Fame and fortune.
Sponsorship deals due to success.

Provides negative role models.
Damage to health.
Bad reputation.
Loss of income and sponsorship prospects.
Fined, banned, stripped of medal and earnings, jail.
Social isolation.
Negative impact on emotional and psychological well-being.

UKAD - administers testing programmes.
Educationally works with athletes and support staff to increase knowledge of dangers and moral issues of drugs.
100% me programme delivered at all stages of performance pathway.
Investment in drug-detection technology, working in a co-ordinated manner with WADA and NGB's. Stricter procedures.
Harsh punishments e.g. lifelong ban, loss of earnings. Must be consistent among all countries.
Name and shame cheats, praise naturals.

D - drug-free culture created via education programmes e.g. 100% me.
O - Organisations co-operate in drug detection.
P - Punishments harsher.
I - Investment in new testing technology.
N - Name and shame negative role models.
G - Guilty athletes lose funding and sponsorship deals.

Battle is expensive and time-consuming.
Easy to access and some would argue that they are difficult to eliminate and money better spent on increasing participation.
Detection not always effective.
Difficult to define what a drug is compared to artificial aids e.g. oxygen tents.
Can be taken accidentally.
Should be a personal choice, didn't ask to be role models.
If everyone takes them, playing field is level, improving standards.
If properly monitored, health risks lessened.
Can improve recovery

Health risks and side effects.
Creates negative role models, tempting younger athletes.
Negative image to sport e.g. cycling.
Pressure to take drugs from coaches increases.
Success should be due to hard work and talent.
Unfair advantage, immoral, unethical, against fair-play ethic.
Cheating.
Only richer countries can afford them.
Negative consequences if caught e.g. loss of sponsorship, medals and lottery funding.
Illegal.