1S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus (in low numbers), and S. lugdunensis (in low numbers) share what habitat?
- genitourinary tract
- mucous membranes
- skin
- oropharynx
2S. aureus is the only bacteria in this chapter to habitate in which of the following? (CHOOSE ALL CORRECT)
- nasopharynx
- genitourinary tract
- anterior nares
- colonizer of mucosa
- perineal area
3S. saprophyticus is the only bacteria in this chapter to habitate where?
- genitourinary tract
- nasopharynx
- mucosa
- oropharynx
4S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. lugdunensis, S. saprophyticus, Micrococcus, Kocuria, Kytococcus, Rothia, Dermacoccus, Auritidibacter, Macrococcus, Planococcus, Aerococcus, and Alloiococcus spp. (All listed bacteria for the chapter) all share a habitat of what?
- oropharynx
- genitourinary tract
- mucosa membranes
- skin
5S. saprophyticus, Micrococcus, Kocuria, Kytococcus, Rothia, Dermacoccus, Auritidibacter, Macrococcus, Planococcus, Aerococcus, and Alloiococcus spp. all share a habitat of the ____?_____
- oropharynx
- mucosa
- skin
- mucosa membranes
6Micrococcus, Kocuria, Kytococcus, Rothia, Dermacoccus, Auritidibacter, Macrococcus, Planococcus, Aerococcus, and Alloiococcus spp. (note: all staph. excluded) all share a habitat where?
- nasopharynx
- genitourinary tract
- skin
- oropharynx
7What introduces the endogenous strain of S. Aureus?
- sterile urinary tract - notably in young sexually active females
- uncertain
- sterile site by traumatic introduction
- sterile sites or by implantation of medical devices
8What introduces the endogenous strains of Micrococcus, Kocuria, Kytococcus, Rothia, Dermacoccus, Auritidibacter, Macrococcus, Planococcus, Aerococcus, and Alloiococcus spp.?
- sterile site by traumatic introduction
- uncertain
- sterile site by implantation of medical devices
- sterile urinary tract - notably in young sexually active females
9What introduces the endogenous strain of S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and S. lugdunensis?
- sterile site by implantation of medical devices
- sterile site by traumatic introduction
- sterile urinary tract - notably in young sexually active females
- uncertain
10What introduces the endogenous strain of S. saprophyticus?
- uncertain
- sterile site by implantation of medical devices
- sterile urinary tract - notably in young sexually active females
- sterile site by traumatic introduction
11What methods of direct contact does S. Aureus use to spread? (CHOOSE ALL CORRECT)
12What method of direct contact does S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and S. lugdunensis use to spread?
13What method of indirect contact does S. Aureus use to spread?
Aerosolization
14Although RARELY implicated, which infections can Micrococcus, Kocuria, Kytococcus, Rothia, Dermacoccus, Auritidibacter, Macrococcus, Planococcus, Aerococcus, and Alloiococcus spp. all cause in immunocompromised individuals? (CHOOSE ALL CORRECT ANSWERS)
- brain abscess
- meningitis
- pneumonia
- endocarditis
15Which THREE of the skin infecting bacteria covered in this chapter are easily confused with staph under microscope?
- Micrococcus spp.
- Kytococcus spp.
- Dermacoccus spp.
- Kocuria spp.
- Aerococcus spp.
- Planococcus spp.
- Auritidibacter spp.
- Rothia spp.
- Alloiococcus spp.
- Macrococcus spp.
16What is a persistent carrier?
A carrier that harbors a single strain for an extended period of time
17What is an intermittent carrier?
A carrier that harbors different strains over time
18What is a noncarrier?
Individuals who do not harbor any organisms
19Referring to S. aureus, what is protein A?
A surface protein
20What does alpha toxin do?
disrupts smooth muscle in blood vessels and is toxic to erythrocytes, leukocytes, hepatocytes, and platelets - produced by most strains of S. aureus.
21What does beta toxin do?
a heat-labile sphingomyelinase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids resulting in cell lysis. - believed to work in conjunction with the alpha toxin
22What is delta toxin?
cytolytic to erythrocytes and demonstrates nonspecific membrane toxicity to other mammalian cells - produced by S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. haemolyticus
23Other than alpha toxin, beta toxin, and delta toxin, what two other significant biproducts is produced by S. aureus?
Gamma toxin and Panton Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)
24What percent of all S. aureus strains are capable of producing one of eight distinct serologic types of heat-stable enerotoxin?
30-50%
25What is a community-associated infection and why does the presence of S. Aureus often worsen them?
Community-associated infections are infections picked up outside of a healthcare environment. S. aureus produces PVL, a toxin to white blood cells needed for attacking such infections.
26What is the main toxin associated with scalded skin syndrome?
Exfoliative toxin
27What is the main toxin associated with toxic shock syndrome?
Pyrogenic exotoxin C
28Which has the following appearance: Small to medium; opaque, convex; nonhemolytic; wide variety of pigments (white, tan, yellow, orange, pink)
- S. aureus
- S. schleiferi
- S. capitis
- Micrococcus Spp. and related organisms
29Which has the following appearance: Medium to large; smooth, entire, slightly raised, low convex, opaque; most colonies pigmented creamy yellow; most colonies beta-hemolytic?
- S. capitis
- S. aureus
- S. hyicus
- S. haemolyticus
30Which has the following appearance: Small to medium; opaque, gray-white colonies; most colonies nonhemolytic; slime-producing strains are extremely sticky and adhere to the agar surface?
- S. epidermidis
- S. aureus
- S. saprophyticus
- Micrococcus spp. and related organisms
31Which has the following appearance: Medium; smooth, butyrous, and opaque; beta-hemolytic
- S. epidermidis
- S. warneri
- S. haemolyticus
- S. hyicus
32Which has the following appearance: Medium to large; smooth, butyrous, and opaque; may be unpigmented or cream-yellow-orange; nonhemolytic?
- S. warneri
- S. hominis
- S. epidermidis
- S. lugdunensis
33Which has the following appearance: Medium to large; smooth, glossy, entire edge with slightly domed center; unpigmented or cream to yellow-orange, may be beta-hemolytic? (CHOOSE 2)
- S. lugdunensis
- Micrococcus spp. and related organisms
- S. schleiferi
- S. warneri
34Which has the following appearance: Large; entire, very glossy, smooth, opaque, butyrous, convex; usually white but colonies can be yellow or orange; nonhemolytic?
- S. epidermidis
- S. warneri
- S. hominis
- S. Saprophyticus
35Which has the following appearance: Medium to large; smooth, glossy, slightly convex with entire edges; unpigmented; may be hemolytic?
- S. intermedius
- S. Capitis
- S. schleiferi
- S. saprophyticus
36Which has the following appearance: Large; slightly convex, entire, smooth, glossy, translucent; usually nonpigmented; delayed to nonhemolytic?
- S. intermedius
- S. haemolyticus
- S. lugdunensis
- S. aureus
37Which has the following appearance: Large; slightly convex, entire, smooth, glossy, opaque; usually nonpigmented; nonhemolytic?
- S. intermedius
- S. hominis
- S. hyicus
- S. lugdenensis
38Which has the following appearance: Small to medium; smooth, slightly convex, glistening, entire, opaque; usually yellow or yellow orange, OR nonpigmented; delayed to nonhemolytic?
- S. warneri
- S. epidermidis
- S.Schleiferi
- S. capitis