Bio 221

Number of sets of chromosomes in a cell

One set of chromosomes in a cell

two sets of chromosomes in a cell

complete set of genetic information of an organism

genetic code of an organism

fertilized egg cell

reproduction of non sex cells

sex cell reproduction

a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism

The number and visual appearance of chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism

homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell

First division in meiosis where homologous chromosomes are separated into 2 new cells

The first stage of meiosis 1 where chromosomes condense, homologous chromosomes pair up, and crossing over occurs

Homologous chromosomes align along the center of the cell

cell prepares to divide with chromosomes reaching opposite ends and a nuclear membrane forming around each set

Cytoplasm of a cell divides to form 2 daughter cells

Where sister chromatids are separated into four unique haploid cells

Chromosomes condense again in each of the 2 new cells

Chromosomes align along the center of the cell

Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell

Chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cells

One of 2 identical halves of a replicated chromosome

Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

protective end cap of a chromosome that prevents it from deteriorating

Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil

Adenine and Guanine

non-coding regions of a gene that get removed during splicing

Coding regions of a gene

RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis

DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to start transcription

DNA sequence in the promoter region that positions RNA polymerase

The process of removing introns and joining exons in pre-mRNA to make mRNA

copying DNA into RNA

synthesizing a protein from mRNA

Enzyme that synthesizes RNA from DNA

Cell grows and prepares for DNA replication

Resting place where the cell has left the cycle and has stopped dividing

Synthesis phase where the cell replicates DNA

Phase when mitosis and cytokinesis occurs

Nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers

Cell checks for DNA damage, cell size

Checks if DNA has been replicated properly

Cell checks if all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle fibers

Enzyme that unwinds the DNA helix by breaking H bonds

Enzyme that prevents DNA from getting too tightly coiled ahead of the replication fork

Enzyme that synthesizes a short RNA primer to make a starting point for DNA polymerase

Enzyme that removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides

Main enzyme that adds DNA nucleotides to the growing DNA strand

Runs 5-3 towards the replication fork

Runs 3-5 toward the lagging strand

Short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand

The starting point for DNA synthesis