1Types of research
Common kowledge
Presonal Experiences
Internet Research
Library research
Interviews
2 Common knowledge:
refers to events, ideas, things or information that is widely known and understood in a given community.
3You do not want to use too much common knowledge because:
it could lead you to overlook important complexities and details about a topic along with you should research common knowledge facts that can be viewed as controversial by some of the audience members.
4Why research matters?
It helpyou build crediblitly so that they audience will take you more seriously but also common trust so you can be a ethical speaker along with being aware you not spending misleading/ inaccurate information
5. Truth:
is a fact or belief that is widely accepted by a given community or group of people
6Misinformation
is false inaccurate or misleading information
7how to plan for your research
Narrow your topic
make sure you have anothed time
Develope a list of possible sources
take notes over what you are reading
print your sources
8The library has a large selection of research tools.
Books
Periodicals
Pop culture artifacts
Research databases
9Other useful places to do research
Government websites
Newspapers
Archives
10"search bias"
refers to how search engines alter the way the user searches and conducted in order to increase revenue for themselves and their business partners which can cause issues when the search engine fliter information.
11Databases vs the internet:
the databases are vetted meaning that they index articles that have gone through some kind of editing process as a result databases are often more trustworthy. While using the internet can lead to unreliable sources.
12Name some research databases that can support you?
EBSCO
Gale academic oneflie
LexisNexis Academic
JSTOR
13EBSCO:
a multidisciplinary database with full-text articles, essays and monographs. Provides both academic texts as well as popular periodicals
14searches popular periodicals, newspapers and magazines. Contains some television and radio news transcripts. Best for information that is of general interest or for current events.
LexisNexis Academic:
15database of peer-reviewed, academic essays, primarily in the humanities but also in sciences and social sciences. Many are available as full text PDF
JSTOR
163 “hecks” of internet source reliability:
.Who the heck wrote it?
Who the heck paid for it?
When the heck was it published?
17Cars an internet research checklist
Credibility (author crednetails or qualifcations)
Accuracy (is the information timely and comprehensive? Dose it sever a general audience or specail intrest? Is it dated?)
Reasonableness (is the information blanace and objective)
support (dose it give their srouces)
18Library vs internet research:
the library sources are already credited while some sites on the internet may not be the case because anyone can put anything on the internet.
19Wikipedia has multiple authors, so it is important to remember that anyone can edit the information.
Regarding this class, Wikipedia is NOT considered a credible source.
20The research interview
Prepare ahead of time
Secure recording permissions
Listen actively
Transcribe your recordings
21Standard citation formats
MLA (Modern Language Association):
APA (American Psychological Association):
Chicago style (developed by University of Chicago Press):
AMA (American Medical Association):
22What ciation format are we going to used for the class?
APA
23What do you need to consider when picking supporting materials
setting and the audience
245 support materials
Facts
Statistics
Testimony
Examples
Stories
25Facts:
refer to verifiable truths, or information that is independent of opinion
26refer to numerical facts or measurements about large group of collection
Statistics
27refers to the sharing of an individual’s viewpoints, perspectives, or opinions
Testimony:
284 types of testimonies
Expert
Lay
Personal experience
Declaration of faith
29Expert testimony:
testimony that is given my a expert on the given topic like a cancer doctor talking about cancer
30testimony given by a person who experience it by everyday people like someone who had cancer talking about it
Lay Testimony
31what you when through this is use very sparingly though
personal experience
32Declaration of faith
when someone confesses spiritual inspiration or affirms the glorises of a deity
33Examples
are descriptive representations used to illustrate claims
34Stories:
are extended examples that follow familiar pattern that includes a beginning, middle and end
35You should have a mix of the different support materials with a minimum of
2 but perfectly 3 different support materials
36Opinions are ??? credible support material
not
Opinions can only be shared when the person sharing the opinion is considered an expert in a specific topic and has data to support his/her
37Opinion:
are judgments that may or amt no dampened on facts or knowledge
38The audience will not have a full bibliography of all sources used in your speech presentation, so it is essential that
he speaker orally cite each source during his/her presentation.
39Contextual reasoning
concerns thinking about the types of support you can use for a speech given then contextual demands and constraints of the speech situation.
40Remember, choosing speech materials and participating in contextual reasoning is based on …
determining the mood and feeling of the speaking situation
considers the occasion for speaking
considers the audience that will be present
considers the type of speech to be presented