COSC 1437 test 1

The "brain" of the computer and the single most important expensive piece of hardware in a computer

The "brain" of the computer. Fetches and follows instructions and produces data.

control unit + arithmetic and logic unti (ALU)

Computer's main memory. Holds the sequences of instructions in the programs that are running.

A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time.

The device that collects data and sends it to the computer. Ex. keyboard, mouse, scanner, mic

Data the computer sends to the outside world

The programs that run on a computer.

Operating system + appilcation software

A set of programs that manages the computer's hardware devices and controls their processes.

Programs that make the computer useful to the user. Ex: word processing, spreadsheet

The smallest unit of data. Each bit has a single value of either 1 or 0.

The first-generation languages are also called machine languages/ 1G language. This language is machine-dependent. The machine language statements are written in binary code (0/1 form).

Assembly language contains human-readable notations that can be further converted to machine language using an assembler.

A programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. Ex: Python, C++

Programming statements written by the programmer.

A variable declared inside a method body, block or constructor. It means variable is only accessible inside the method, block or constructor that declared it.

Operations that an object can perform are called

these are declared in a class, but outside a method, constructor or any block.

A program that translates source code into a form the computer can run (which is machine code)

Just translates one instruction at a time, and then executes that instruction immediately

Manipulate the data in data structures in various ways such as sorting.

Creates objects that contain both data and methods.