1nephron is the
smallest most basic kidney
2how many neophrons in each kidney?
1 million
3loop of henle is also
loop of nephron
4protozoa are single celled..
eukaryotes that control the number of bacteria
5parasites examples:
pinworms, round worms, tapeworms
6rickettsia are..
parasitic microorganisms transmittied to humans and other animals via bite
7functional incontinence?
not able to get to toilet in time due to imobility limitations (old people)
8overflow incontinence
cannot fully empty bladder and constant leakage
9urge incontinence
“overactive bladder” has little bladder control when hearing running water, drinking and sleeping
10stress incontinence
leakage during excersize coughing or walking
11viruses
ultramicroscopic infectious pathogen that can replicate within cells of living host using DNA/RNA
12wheres the kidneys located?
Posterior abdomen just above the waist
13which kidney is slightly lower?
the right kidney
14the kidneys are protected by:
adiopse tissue and ribcage
15urine flows out of the kidneys via the?
ureters
16how much % of blood does the kidney filter through the body at one time?
25%
17how many quarts of blood does the kidney process a day?
200 quarts
18how many quarts of waste do the kidney clear a day
2 quarts
19parts of tubule that lead from the glomerulus
proximal convoluted tube, loop of henle, distal convulated tube
20tubular reabsorotion is:
transporting ions back into the blood
21how much urine can the adult bladder hold?
350mL-550mL
22how many mL of urine does it take for the sensation to void?
50mL
23red urine color cause
beets, berries
24orange urine color cause
phenazopyridine
25green/ green blue urine color cause
antryptiline and vitamin b complex
26brown/ black urine color cause
levodopa and iron products
27generic name for Eneblex
darifenacin hydrobromide
28Generic name for Ditropan
oxybutyin
29Generic name for vesicare
solifenacin succinate
30bodys first line of defense against disease and infections
non specific defense mechanism
31second line of defense against disease and infections
specific defense mechanism
32bodys physical barriers:
mucus, respiratory, vertebral column,, skin
33non specific cells to the immune system:
phagocyte, macrophages
34job of the immune system:
protect the body from foreign invaders
35what part of the body is affected by the thymus gland secreting thymosin
endocrine system
36what stem cells are made of lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
37what are b cells
a lymphocyte,
38animal pathogens:
parasites, bacteria, rickettsia or viruses
39what is the shape of bacteria?
rod-shaped ,round/ spiral
403 plane bacteria or “eight-pack” cube is what arrangement?
Sarcina arrangement
41most common form if HIV?
hiv-1
42percentage if auto immune disease that affect women?
75%
43site of action for crohn’s disease
gut or intestine
44site of action for graves disease
thyroid
45how are pathogens transmitted?
ingestion, inhalation, physical contact
46how many groups of penicillin are there?
4
47chemical cousin of penicillin
cephalosporins
481st gen PCN?
penicillin v potassium
492nd gen PCN medication?
amoxicillin
504th gen of PCN medication?
Mezlocillin
51 procumal convulated tube is resposible for:
reabsorbtion and secretion of various solutes and water
52distal convoluted tubule
finelt tunes electrolytes and regulates ph levels
53posterior convulsted tubule
reabsorbs most filtered substances
54causes of incontinence:
diabetes, obesity, child birth hysterectomy, recurrent bladder infections (not kidney infections)