Distributed Computing Paradigm

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1
What is Distributed Computing?
A model where software components are shared across multiple computers for efficiency and performance.
2
What is Cluster Computing?
A group of tightly coupled computers working as a single system via high-speed LANs.
3
What is Grid Computing?
A distributed network of loosely coupled computers used for large-scale computational tasks.
4
What is Cloud Computing?
On-demand delivery of computing resources and services over the internet.
5
One benefit of Distributed Computing?
Enhanced performance by handling larger and more complex computations.
6
Another benefit of Distributed Computing?
Cost efficiency through resource sharing.
7
How does Distributed Computing improve reliability?
By using redundancy and fault tolerance mechanisms.
8
How is Distributed Computing scalable?
It can easily expand to meet increasing demand without major changes.
9
How is Distributed Computing flexible?
It supports a wide range of applications from research to commerce.
10
An application of Distributed Computing in science?
Simulations, data analysis, and modeling in physics, biology, and climate.
11
An application of Distributed Computing in big data?
Processing large datasets using distributed platforms.
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An application of Distributed Computing in cloud services?
Providing computing resources on demand.
13
An application of Distributed Computing in content delivery?
Distributing web content globally for fast access.
14
An application of Distributed Computing in finance?
Real-time trading, risk analysis, and fraud detection.
15
An application of Distributed Computing in healthcare?
Medical data analysis and telemedicine.
16
An application of Distributed Computing in e-commerce?
Online shopping platforms and payment processing.
17
What is Peer-to-Peer Computing?
A distributed network where nodes act as both clients and servers without central control.
18
What is Edge Computing?
Processing data near the source of generation to reduce latency and bandwidth usage.
19
What is Fog Computing?
Extending cloud computing closer to the edge of the network for distributed infrastructure.
20
What is a Node in Distributed Computing?
A machine or device that participates in computation, storage, and communication.
21
What is a Network in Distributed Computing?
The medium for communication between nodes, such as LAN, WAN, or Internet.
22
What is a Topology in Distributed Computing?
The layout or arrangement of nodes in a network.
23
What is a Bus Topology?
All nodes connected to a single communication line.
24
What is a Star Topology?
Nodes connected to a central hub.
25
What is a Ring Topology?
Each node connected to two others in a closed loop.
26
What is a Mesh Topology?
Nodes are interconnected, allowing multiple data paths.
27
What is a Hybrid Topology?
A combination of two or more network topologies.
28
What does TCP/IP provide?
Reliable data transmission in distributed systems.
29
What does UDP provide?
Low-latency communication without guaranteed delivery.
30
What is RPC in Distributed Computing?
Remote Procedure Call allowing execution on remote nodes.
31
What is MPI used for?
Message Passing Interface for communication in parallel computing.
32
What are SOAP and REST used for?
Protocols for communication in web services.
33
What is the Client-Server Model?
Clients request services from centralized servers.
34
What is Three-Tier Architecture?
Divides applications into presentation, logic, and data layers.
35
What is Service-Oriented Architecture?
An architecture where components provide reusable services over a network.
36
What is Microservices Architecture?
Applications structured as independent, loosely coupled services.
37
What is Event-Driven Architecture?
A model where components communicate by producing and consuming events.
38
What is a Distributed File System?
A system managing and storing files across multiple servers for reliability and access.
39
What is HDFS?
A distributed file system designed for high throughput access to large datasets.
40
What is Google File System?
A scalable distributed file system optimized for large data streaming.
41
What is Data Replication?
Storing copies of data on multiple nodes for availability and fault tolerance.
42
What is Synchronous Replication?
Data copies updated immediately across nodes.
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What is Asynchronous Replication?
Data copies updated later, allowing delays.
44
What is Data Partitioning?
Dividing a database into smaller pieces to improve scalability and performance.
45
What is Range-based Partitioning?
Data divided into ranges of values.
46
What is Hash-based Partitioning?
Data divided using a hash function.
47
What is List-based Partitioning?
Data divided according to a predefined list of values.
48
What is Blockchain?
A decentralized ledger that records transactions across many computers.
49
What is a Consensus Mechanism?
A process ensuring agreement on blockchain transactions.
50
One application of Blockchain?
Cryptocurrency and smart contracts.
51
One advantage of Blockchain?
Enhanced security and transparency.
52
One challenge of Blockchain?
Scalability and energy consumption.
53
What is IoT in Distributed Computing?
Integration of connected devices with distributed systems.
54
How does Edge Computing support IoT?
By processing data near IoT devices to reduce latency.
55
How does Fog Computing support IoT?
By extending cloud services closer to IoT devices.
56
One application of IoT with Distributed Computing?
Smart cities and industrial automation.
57
One challenge of IoT in Distributed Computing?
Interoperability and data security.
58
What is Federated Learning?
Training machine learning models across decentralized devices without centralizing data.
59
What are Distributed Neural Networks?
Neural networks trained across multiple nodes in a distributed system.
60
One benefit of AI in Distributed Systems?
Improved real-time decision making and scalability.
61
One challenge of AI in Distributed Systems?
Data privacy and resource management.
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