Networking + Cryptography

12 flashcardsby Ian
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1
What is the difference between TCP and UDP
TCP provides reliable, ordered delivery, while UDP is connectionless and doesn't gaurantee delivery
2
What is the TCP three-way handshake?
SYN -> SYN-ACK -> ACK
3
What is the difference between a TCP SYN scan and a connect scan?
A SYN scan uses a partial handshake, a connect scan completes the TCP handshake
4
What is a digital certificate?
A digitally signed document that binds an identity to a public key.
5
What is a Certificate Authority (CA)?
A trusted entity that validates identities or domain control and signs certificates
6
How does a browser validate a TLS certificate?
It checks the trust chain, signatures, hostname, expiration, and certificate constraints.
7
What is the purpose of certificates in TLS?
To authenticate the server so the client can securely establish encrypted communication.
8
Q: What do open, closed, and filtered ports mean?
A: Open = accepting connections; closed = reachable but not listening; filtered = blocked or obscured by filtering.
9
What is symmetric encryption
A: Encryption that uses the same shared secret key for encryption and decryption.
10
Q: What is asymmetric cryptography?
A: Cryptography using a public/private key pair for operations like signatures and key exchange.
11
Q: What is the difference between encryption and hashing?
Encryption is reversible with a key, while hashing produces a one way digest
12
What is salting in password hashing
A: Adding a unique random value to each password before hashing to prevent identical hashes and precomputed attacks.
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