Biology Ch.14

a heritable feature that varies among individuals
ex. flower color

each variant for a character
ex. purple or white color for flowers

genetically pure
only produce same variety as parent

crossing of 2 true breeding varieties

true breeding parents- parental generation

hybrid offspring of the P generation

alternative versions of a gene

a sequence of nucleotides at a specific place(locus) along a particular chromosome

determines the organism's appearance

has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance

the 2 alleles for a heritable character segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes

has a pair of identical alleles for a character

has 2 different alleles

an organism's appearance

genetic makeup

breeding an organism of unknown genotype with recessive homozyote
can reveal the genotype of organism

heterozygous for one character being followed in the cross

heterozygous for 2 characters being followed in the cross

2 or more genes assort independently
each pair of alleles segregates independently of of each other pair of alleles
applies only to genes

multiply the probability of 1 event by the probability of the other event

the probability is calculated by adding their individual probabilities

the phenotypes of the heterozygote and the dominant homozyote are identical

the phenotype of F1 hybrids is somewhere between the phenotypes of two parental varities

two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways

an inherited disorder in humans
brain can't metabolize certain lipids because an enzyme doesn't work properly

have multiple phenotypic effects

the phenotypic expression of a gene at 1 locus alters gene at a second locus

characters that vary in the population in gradations along a continuum

an additive effect of 2 or more genes on a single phenotypic character

many factors, both genetic and environmental collectively influence phenotype

heterozygotes may transmit the recessive allele to their offspring

common lethal genetic disease in white people
causes mucus build up in body

common inherited disorder in black people
deforms red blood cells into sickle shape

a degenerative disease of the nervous system
caused by a lethal dominant allele that has no effect until 30+

can determine whether a fetus has Tay-Sachs disease
needle goes into the uterus and extracts amniotic fluid

takes a sample of tissue from the placenta