Reproduction

Involves only one parent
Offspring have identical genes to the parent- so there's no variation between parent and offspring

Involves the fusion of male and female gametes
Because there are two parents, the offspring contain a mixture of their parents' genes

Called the stamen
Stamen contains the anther and the filament
The anther is where the male gametes (pollen) are made and stored
The filament holds up the anther

Called the carpel
The carpel contains the ovary, style and stigma
The stigma is where the pollen lands
The style holds up the stigma
The ovary is where the ova (egg cells) are made and where fertilisation happens

Petals (brightly coloured to attract bees to pollinate the plant)
Sepal (protects the ovary)
Nectary (produces the nectar)

Brightly coloured petals to attract insects
Stamen enclosed within petals
Stigma is sticky so that any pollen picked up by insects on other plants will stick to the stigma
Relatively less pollen (than wind pollinators) as it is more efficient
Big, sticky pollen grains so that they stick to insects as they go from plant to plant
Have strong scents and nectaries to attract insects

Small, dull petals, no nectaries and no strong scents as no need to attract insects
A lot of small, light pollen grains so they can be carried by the wind
Long filaments that hang the anthers outside the flower so that the pollen gets blown away by the wind
Large, feathery stigma to catch pollen as it is carried past by the wind

Pollen grain lands on stigma
Pollen grains release digestive enzymes that grow a pollen tube down the style and into the ovule in the ovary
Pollen nucleus fertilises with ovum nucleus

The ovum develops into a seed
The seed consists of the embryo, the food store and the seed coat
The ovum becomes the embryo
The ovule wall becomes the seed coat
The ovary becomes the fruit
The food store contains the glucose the seed needs for respiration once it starts germinating

When an embryo starts growing to the extent that it breaks out of the seed coat, it is said to have germinated

Water (to activate the enzymes that break down the food reserves in the seed)
Oxygen (for respiration)
A suitable temperature (for the enzymes in the seed to work)

The fusion of a male and female gamete to produce a zygote that undergoes cell division and develops into an embryo
In a human the sperm fuses with the egg to form a fertilised egg which develops into an embryo

Released from the ovaries
Builds up the lining of the uterus
Stops FSH production
Stimulates LH production

Produced in ovaries by the remains of the follicle after ovulation
Maintains uterus lining (during second half of the cycle)
Stops LH and FSH production

Follicle Stimultating Hormone
Released from pituitary gland
Stimulates an egg to mature in ovaries
Stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen

Luteinising Hormone
Released from pituitary gland
Stimulates ovulation

Menstruation starts on day 1- the uterus lining breaks down for about four days
Uterus lining builds up again from day 4 to 14 into a thick, spongy layer, ready to receive a fertilised egg
An egg develops and is released from the ovary at day 14 (process called ovulation)
Wall is maintained for about 14 days until day 28
The cycle begins again if no fertilised egg has landed on the uterus wall by day 28

Extra hair on underarms and in pubic areas
Hips to widen
Development of breasts
Ovum release and start of menstruation cycle

Extra hair on face and body
Muscles to develop
Penis and testicles to enlarge
Sperm production
Deepening of voice

Surrounds the embryo and protects it

Carries oxygen and glucose from the mother's blood to foetus
Carries urea and CO2 from foetus into mother's blood

Allows oxygen and glucose to diffuse from mother's blood to foetus
Allows urea and CO2 to diffuse from foetus to mother's blood