Biology 1610 - Unit 3 Study

One parent with identical offspring

Simplified mitosis/ cytokineses used by prokaryotes.
- Dna is replicated prior to cell division
- No spindle, only 1 chromosome.

2 sets of chromosomes
- 1 from each parent
- somatic cells

one set of chromosomes
- gametes

more than 2 sets of chromosomes

Two parents produce offspring with unique gene combinations

pair of chromosomes that have the same genes

considered homologous even though they dont have the same genes
- X and Y in mammals
- Z and W in birds

non-sex chromosomes

gametes joining to form a diploid zygote.

the first division in meiosis and involves the separation of homologous chromosomes.

Prophase 1
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Telophase 1

Chromosomes match up with homologous pairs
Chromosomes transfer genetic information (crossing over) --> recombinant chromosomnes

Chromosomes in the middle, in PAIRS (not single file)

chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides

Chromosomes are at the ends of cell and new nuclei are forming on each side to make two new cells.

It is a process that further separates the sister chromatids of each chromosome.

Chromosomes are condensing in both cells

chromosomes line up in single file line.

chromatids are pulled away

Chromosomes are at complete opposite ends and new nuclei are forming on each side to make new cells.

The original cell that undergoes cell division, giving rise to one or more daughter cells. (somatic or germ)

are the cells that result from the division of a parent cell during cell division

Homologous chromosomes lin eup randomly, so when they separate daughter cells could get either homolog.

During prophase 1, homologous chromosomes may exchange some sections

Pairing of homologous chromosomes with protein attachments.

Point of cross over (results in recombinant chromosomes)

Mutation, genetic recombination, sexual reproduction, gene flow, etc.