Biology 1610 - Unit 3 Study
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1
Asexual Reproduction
One parent with identical offspring
2
Binary Fission
Simplified mitosis/ cytokineses used by prokaryotes.
- Dna is replicated prior to cell division
- No spindle, only 1 chromosome.
- Dna is replicated prior to cell division
- No spindle, only 1 chromosome.
3
Diploid (2n)
2 sets of chromosomes
- 1 from each parent
- somatic cells
- 1 from each parent
- somatic cells
4
Haploid (n)SeSex chromosomesutosomFerMetaphaTMRecombination
one set of chromosomes
- gametes
- gametes
5
Polypoid (xn)
more than 2 sets of chromosomes
6
Sexual reproduction
Two parents produce offspring with unique gene combinations
7
Homologous chromosomes
pair of chromosomes that have the same genes
8
sex chromosomes
considered homologous even though they dont have the same genes
- X and Y in mammals
- Z and W in birds
- X and Y in mammals
- Z and W in birds
9
Autosomes
non-sex chromosomes
10
Fertilization
gametes joining to form a diploid zygote.
11
Meiosis 1
the first division in meiosis and involves the separation of homologous chromosomes.
12
Meiosis 1 consists of:
Prophase 1
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Telophase 1
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Telophase 1
13
Prophase 1
Chromosomes match up with homologous pairs
Chromosomes transfer genetic information (crossing over) --> recombinant chromosomnes
Chromosomes transfer genetic information (crossing over) --> recombinant chromosomnes
14
Metaphase 1
Chromosomes in the middle, in PAIRS (not single file)
15
Anaphase 1
chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides
16
Telophase
Chromosomes are at the ends of cell and new nuclei are forming on each side to make two new cells.
17
Meiosis 2
It is a process that further separates the sister chromatids of each chromosome.
18
Prophase 2
Chromosomes are condensing in both cells
19
Metaphase 2
chromosomes line up in single file line.
20
Anaphase 2
chromatids are pulled away
21
Telophase 2
Chromosomes are at complete opposite ends and new nuclei are forming on each side to make new cells.
22
Parent cell
The original cell that undergoes cell division, giving rise to one or more daughter cells. (somatic or germ)
23
daughter cell
are the cells that result from the division of a parent cell during cell division
24
independent assortment
Homologous chromosomes lin eup randomly, so when they separate daughter cells could get either homolog.
25
Recombination (Cross over)
During prophase 1, homologous chromosomes may exchange some sections
26
Synapsis
Pairing of homologous chromosomes with protein attachments.
27
Chiasma
Point of cross over (results in recombinant chromosomes)
28
Genetic variation is (a result of... these)
Mutation, genetic recombination, sexual reproduction, gene flow, etc.
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