1When was NATO established and what was it?
April, 1949 - alliance of Western powers against Communist threat?
2Cyprus
Independent in 1960
3When was Britain's first nuclear test?
1952, for development of a deterrent
4When was the Suez Crisis?
1956, Egypt
5When was the EEC formation and after what?
1957, Treaty of Rome
6When and what was the EFTA? Who was part of it?
1959, alternative to EEC
- Britain
- Sweden
- Denmark
- Portugal
- Norway
7When was independence granted to India?
1947, beginning of 'retreat from Empire'
8When and what was the Schuman Plan?
1950, Coal and Steel Community that would unite France and Germany as industrial powers
9When and what was the Messina Conference?
1955, precursor to Treaty of Rome
10When were the submission of application for EEC and date of rejection?
1961 & 1963
11When was the Korean War?
1950-3
12When and what was the Burgess and Maclean Affair?
1951, British intelligence officers defect to Soviet Union
13When and what was the test of British 'H' bomb?
1957, advance from nuclear
14When and what was the Aldermaston March?
Easter 1958, 8000 protestors from CND walk a distance of over 52 miles
15When and what was the Mutual Defence Agreement?
1958, U.S. agree to share nuclear technology with Britain
16When was the UK's acquisition of Polaris from U.S. and what did it replace?
1960, replacement of Blue Streak project
17What was the number of of British soldiers supplied for Korean War and how many died?
90,000+ & 1,000+
18What percentage of of Western Europe's oil imports came through the Suez Canal?
80%
19When and what was the Mau Mau Uprising?
1952-60; a rebellion of Kenyans against British authorities
20How did British troops react to Mau Mau? What was the press coverage like in Britain?
Quite brutal; prison camps and solitary confinement were used. In Britain, coverage was biased and not complete
21When and what was the Malayan Emergency?
1948-60, a Guerilla war fought in South-East Asia, near to the Philippines
22How did British troops react to Malayan Emergency? What was the public opinion?
Visually quite well, but Operation Legacy was taking place and may have destroyed evidence of torture. In 1952 a photo of a Marine surfaced in which he was holding two insurgents' heads, causing an outcry.
23Why were there uprisings in colonies?
Britain was seen as not caring for these colonies, and they felt they would be better as independent nations
26South Africa
1961, to become a republic
27Kenya
1963, likely as a result of Mau Mau
28When and where was Macmillan's 'Winds of Change speech?"
1960, in Cape Town
29Why the Right were averse to EEC?
Wanted to maintain links to Commonwealth rather than create them with Europe; assumption that Britain was still a significant world power
30Why the Left were averse to EEC?
Suspicion surrounding free market principles
31Who was the leader of Egypt during Suez?
Gamal Abdel Nasser
32Why was Britain rejected from the EEC in 1963?
- De Gaulle wanted to dominate EEC w/o competition
- Britain still wanted some preferential trading agreements with Commonwealth
- Suspicion of Britain's Special Relationship
33What and when was the European Free Trade Area?
1960, reduce tariffs between members without their loss of sovereignty
34What were the spy scandals during this period?
- Cambridge Spies 1951<
- George Blake 1961, and escaped
- John Vassall 1962
35When and what was Polaris?
Given to Britain in 1960 due to the failure of Blue Streak, based in North-West Scotland near small village Gairloch, but was not an independent weapon
36When and what was the Test Ban Treaty?
1963, prohibited all nuclear test detonations except those carried out underground. This was developed in hopes to slow the arms race and to stop the excessive release of nuclear fallout into Earth's atmosphere.
37What was the impact of Suez on the SR?
The U.S. was angry that Britain had been secretive, and had indeed been the ones to place pressure on Britain to withdraw
38How much did the Malayan Emergency cost Britain per year between 1948-55?
The equivalent of £370m
39Why did Britain withdraw from Suez? (7)
- America/UN/Commonwealth condemned British actions
- Run against the pound- threat of econ collapse
- Country isolated
- Failed to gain international backing
- USSR threatened aggression if troops were not withdrawn
- Labour gaining support for opposing CON. actions
- American's refused to aid the UK in economic problems and run on the pound unless they withdrew
40Uganda
Independent in 1962
41Commonwealth Immigrants Act
1962, restricted unless one had a work permit