1FHA Goals
Improve Housing Standards, Provide Financing, Stablize the Market
2National Housing Act of 1934
Established the FHA
3Housing Act of 1937
created the US Housing Agency and the first public housing program
4Title 1 of the Housing Act of 1949
created a slum clearance program, suburbanized America
5Urban Renewal
Implies the use of eminent domain to reclaim private property, resulted in urban sprawl
6Redlining
Minority communities were made ineligible to recieve bank loans
7GI Bill
Operates with the FHA to guarantee financing for developers and veterans
8Levittown
first suburb as we know them today, built 1947
9Modernist City Making
Moses and Le Corbusier, wanted towers surrounded by public green spaces
10Jane Jacobs
Thought that healthy communities are economically, socially, politically and environmentally vibrant
11Environmental Justice
the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income
12Federal Highway Act of 1956
Built the national highway system
13Traffic Generation Effect
As more roads are built, more vehicle miles are driven, and more traffic is generated
14Impacts of Suburban Sprawl
Loss of farmland, countryside and habitat
Cost to local governments
Infrastructure liabilities to be paid
Loss of sense of place
Dependence on automobiles, traffic and fossil fuels
Health problems
Environmental impacts
15Mix Land Use
Take Advantage of Compact Building Design and Density
Create a range of housing opporunties and choices
Create walkable neighborhoods
Encourage distinct, attractive communities
Preserve open space, farmland, natural beauty and critical environmental areas
Strengthen and direct development towards existing communtieis
Provide a variety of transportation choices
Make development decisions predictable, fair, and cost effective
Encourage community and stakeholder collaboration in development decisions.
Smart Growth Principles
16Urban Growth Boundary
A line drawn on a map that urban sprawl is not allowed to cross, encourages denser development
17Transfer of Development Rights
Market-based solution where the right to develop one parcel of land can be transferred to another.
18Pedestrian centered neighborhoods with primary social and economic facilities within a five-minute walk of the core.
Mixed land uses in core with green-space in neighborhoods
Community orientation around public transit systems.
Not always sustainable
New Urbanist Planning Principles
19Missing Middle Housing
Housing between detached single family units and mid-rise apartments such as condos, townhouses, bungalows
20Suburban Retrofitting
Employing urban design and planning in underused suburban spaces to create better landscapes
21Features of Suburban Retrofitting
Compact
Climate Sensitive
Pedestrian and Bike Friendly
Accessible
Responsive to changes in lifestyle
22Complete Streets
Streets that are accessible to all forms of travel
23Characteristics of Complete Streets
Safe, Comfortable, Convenient
24William Whyte's Communal Space Principles
Food
Water
Light
Seating
Triangulation
Trees
25Triangulation
Something for people to look at while they utilize a public space such as a fountain
26Leopold's Soil Concept
Land is not merely soil, but a fountain of energy
Native plants and animals in and out of the soil keep the circuit functional
Man-made changes are of a different order than evolutionary changes, and have effects more comprehensive than is intended or foresen
27Leopold's Land Ethic
Logic of Scientists + Ethical Thought or Standards Extended to Land + Romantic Aesthetic Sensibility
28Ecology
Interrelationship of an organism to its environment, man, plants/animals, soil, climate
29Wilderness
a continuous stretch of country preserved, open to lawful recreation, no roads or trails
30Ecoregion
an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion
31McHarg's Sustainable Regional Planning
Conserve areas that:
Are doing work for humanity
Are a scarce resource
Areas that are vulnerable to man's activity
32Water Cycle Enhancements
Reduce Runoff and flooding
Control Erosion
Control Water Pollution
33Low Impact Development
Considers QUALITY and QUANTITY of water that is used and displaced by a development.
34Watershed
Area of land where all of the water drains into the sample place.
35Ogallala Resevoir
Largest freshewater resevoir in the world, spans the entire Great Plains and Texas panhandle.
36Water Principle of Prior Appropriation
the first person to divert water from a stream has the right to continue diverting as much as needed, even if the water is transported away
37Reasons for Saving Farmland
National Economy, Security of World Food Supply
Protection of the Environment
Fresh, Healthy Food and strong Communities
Fiscal stablility for local government
38Select species and crop varieties that are suited to the site
Diversify crops and cultural practices to enhance stability
Management of the soil
Efficient use of inputs
Consideration of farmer goals and lifestyle
Goals of Sustainable Agriculture
39The Land Institute
Private non-profit organization established by Wes Jackson
Advocates natural farming system based on perennial crops
4050 Year Farm Bill
A program using 5-year farm bills as mileposts with larger and more sustainable goals added each time