Lympathic

• It is a linear network of lymphatic vessels and secondary lymphoid organs.
• It is responsible for the fluid balance. Interstitial fluid is being filtered and brought back into the bloodstream.
• It absorbs and transports fatty acids and fats from the digestive system.
• It transports white blood cells and dendritic cells for the defense system of the body. (Responsible for the immune system)

- It is a fluid in the lymphatic system originating from the interstitial fluid that enters the lymphatic vessels. It contains nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and fatty acids, as well as toxins and cellular waste products, that are transported to and from cellular tissues.
- Transported into the circulatory system.

- These are one-way valve vessels connected to lymphatic capillaries. it transports lymph from peripheral tissues to the veins of the cardiovascular system.

- It is a lymphatic tissue, usually in clusters, separated into compartments by fibrous partitions which help defend the body against foreign substances. These are also sites of hemopoeisis (T and B Lymphocytes).

- It is a mass of lymphatic tissue found above and behind the cardiac portion of the stomach. It contains white pulp (site of lymphocytes) and red pulp (filters the blood).

- These are lymphoepithelial tissues located in your mouth and throat. It protects the body against pathogens and other potentially harmful microorganisms entering from the nose and the mouth.

- It is located in the thoracic cavity between
the trachea and sternum superior to the
heart. It serves as the site of T-lymphocyte
maturation, development, and control.
- Active during infancy.
- At the age of puberty it slowly shrinks down and turn into fat.

special proteins that fight off and destroy disease-causing germs.

foreign substance introduced into the body and causes immune response; molecules produced by the body.

5 Types of Antibodies

- is in tissue fluid and plasma and defends against bacterial cells, viruses, and toxins and activates complement, a group of immune system enzymes.
- Can cross to the placenta. Give short-term immunity.

5 Types of Antibodies

- is in exocrine gland secretions (breast milk (mammary gland), saliva (salivary gland), tears (lacrimal/tear gland)) and defends against bacteria and viruses.
- Give short-term immunity.

5 Types of Antibodies

- is found in plasma and activates complement and reacts with blood cells during transfusions.
- First responders against new pathogens.

5 Types of Antibodies

can be found on the surface of B cells, especially those of infants. It activates B cells.
- Related to B cells/B lymphocytes.
- Helps mature and develop B cells.

5 Types of Antibodies

- is found in exocrine gland secretions and promotes allergic reactions.
- Responsible for allergic reaction

• is our first defense against invaders.
• refers to nonspecific defense mechanisms that come into play immediately or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the body.
• Act as physical and chemical barriers against pathogens such as skin, chemicals in the blood, and immune system cells that attack foreign cells in the body.

• Two types of adaptive immune responses:

humoral immunity - mediated by antibodies produced by  

cell-mediated immunity - mediated by  

Main Components of Innate Immunity:

• takes time to develop after first exposure to a new antigen. However, afterward, the antigen is remembered (there’s a memory cell), and subsequent responses to that antigen are quicker and more effective than those that occurred after the first exposure.
• is also called specific immunity because it tailors its attack to a specific antigen previously encountered. Its hallmarks are its ability to learn, adapt, and remember.
• develops before exposure to agents such as microbes, toxins, or other foreign substances. It involves a very specific response to pathogens.

• develops after exposure to agents such as microbes, toxins, or other foreign substances. It
involves a very specific response to pathogens.

• It provides immediate, short-term protection.
• It is conferred naturally when IgG crosses the placenta from mother to fetus or when IgA passes from mother to infant in breast milk.
• It can be conferred artificially by injecting antibodies into

Innate Immunity aka

Acquired Immunity aka

Active Immunity aka

Passive Immunity aka

- It is a lymphatic disorder that involves obstruction, lymph fluid builds up in the tissues.

How much Liters of Urine are produced every 24 horus

waste product of protein and amino acid metabolism

waste product of muscle metabolism of purines by liver

waste product of muscle metabolism

- A pair of tubes extending from the kidneys to the urinary bladder for the passage of urine (urolithiasis – stones in the ureter)

- Collapsible bag of smooth muscle lined with mucosa for the temporary storage of urine

- Muscilo – membranous tube lined with mucosa with an opening to the exterior called the urinary meatus
- In males, it is longer and functions as passage of both urine and semen
- In females, shorter and functions as passage of urine
only