business in canada (chapter 1)

1. Informational: Managers play a crucial role in the organization as communication sources, gathering and disseminating essential information to both internal and external parties.
- monitor, disseminator, spokesperson

2. Interpersonal: includes those managerial tasks that arise from the manager's formal authority base and involve relationships with either other organizational members or external parties.
- figurehead, leader, liaison

3. Decisional: managers must process information and act as decision-makers.
- entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator

1. organizational culture changes constantly in response to the pandemic
2. trust (between workers and managers)
3. motivation and productivity

(managers expected to be more technologically agile)

1. Planning: formulating a strategy to achieve organizational goals

2. Organzing: designing work activities, assignment of tasks & authority

3. Leading: guiding & motivating employees, communicating ideas

4. Controlling: conflict & problem resolution, assessing progress & maintaining standards

1. Standardized Work - once the most efficient method of performing the job is found, ensure all workers perform that same job in the same manner in order to maximize efficiency

2. Compartmentalized Work - break down job into the simplest components

3. Close Supervision - separate the mental work of managers from the physical work of labourers

4. Motivation by pay- use of a piece-rate system, pay for performance

1. Divison of labour
2. Rules and procedures
3. Impersonality
4. Selection and promotion
5. Hierarchy

(Focused on upper levels of administration)

1. Divison of work- break work into components to ensure efficiency & productivity.

2. Unity of command- authority concentrated at upper levels

3. Esprit de corps- for organizational unity

Founded by sociologist George Elton Mayo in the 1930s following a series of experiments known as the Hawthorne studies, which focused on exploring the link between employee satisfaction/wellbeing and workplace productivity.

Hawthorne Effect: occurs when a participant's behavior changes as a result of being observed, rather than as a result of an intervention. In other words, when groups or individuals realize they are being observed, they may change their behavior.

The origin of participative leadership is the search for the engagement of the members of an organization through democratic decision-making and problem-solving actions. Two types of participative leadership are people-oriented management and group network management.
- self-management, coordination, collaboration

acceptance theory. In this theory, managers must gain the trust and respect of their employees to be able to give legitimate orders and expect that their orders will be followed.
- a willingness to cooperate, a common purpose, and communication

Researchers from sociology, psychology, and anthropology, known as behavioral scientists and industrial psychologists, focus on the role of management in fostering a motivated workforce, rather than focusing on control, a crucial issue for organizations today.

1. innovative and inclusive work environment
2. transparency between employers and workers
3. community engagement
4. work life balance

****