Cellular respiration

how organisms make energy

yes !!

glucose and oxygen yield carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

C6H12O6 + O2 —> CO2 + H2O + ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

guanosine triphosphate

three phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine

ATP is used for large amounts of work, it is a general source of energy. GTP is mainly used for transport.

adding a phosphate group onto something. in our case, we add a phosphate group to ADP, making it into ATP

hydrolysis

chemical rxns, mechanical work, transport

in the mitochondria (and a little bit in the cytoplasm)

glycolysis, krebs cycle, and ETC

literally meaning "splitting sugars."

glucose, a 6carbon sugar, is broken down by the use of 2 ATP into two 3carbons called pyruvate/pyruvic acid. NADH, H20, and net 2 ATP is also produced

2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 H2O, net 2 ATP (4 total)

one pyruvate (3carbon) is made into acetyl-CoA (a 2carbon with coenzymeA). acetyl-CoA is combined with a 4carbon sugar called oxaloacetate to make citric acid. NADH, FADH2, ATP, and oxaloacetate are produced. The CoA is removed and will be recycled to be used to make acetyl-CoA again and CO2 is released as a byproduct.

twice!!

6 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2, and oxaloacetate

electrons from the NADH in the krebs cycle move through the the four protein complexes until it reaches oxygen, which it will bond to to make H2O. electrons from the FADH2 in the krebs cycle move into the second protein complex (ubiquinone) and move through until it too reaches oxygen. H+ ions are being pumped through the protein complexes at all times to make a chemical gradient. H+ ions will move through ATP Synthase and make ADP into ATP

10 NAD+, 2 FAD, net 6 H2O (total 12), 26~28 ATP

30~32