ultrasound

sonic
US Piezo electric
US magnetostrictive

conventional handpiece
activated by rheostat
orbital/elliptical movt
compressed air driven

ceramic
linear movt
lateral surface of tip active

aka cavitron (what we have in VCU clinic)
elliptical movt
all surfaces of tip active

slight surve in one direction
universal use

paired instruments for specific areas

thin straight tip
subgingival areas
slimline

heavy calc

light-mod calc

perio
more of slimline for deeper pockets

little lateral pressure
TIP ANGULATION NEAR 0 DEGREES
keep tip moving always (avoids heat), || to tooth

bubbles popping > jet of surrounding liquid

pts with hearing aids
pts w tuberculosis
active covid infections
medically compromised patients (wheelchair disability etc)
pt w respiratory risk
PACEMAKERS!!

pockets inc

clinically insignificant

interprox areas
CEJ
furcations
multi root teeth