archeology exam 1

Measures decay of radioactive carbon isotopes to stable nitrogen in organic remains, 40k-100s BP.

Measures decay of radioactive potassium or argon isotope to stable argon gas in volcanic rock, billions-100k BP.

Measures the buildup of a hydration layer caused by the chemical reaction of obsidian to water over time, using obsidian, 800k-present.

Determines alignment of particles in natural deposits relative to dated location of earth's magnetic poles, using materials with magnetic properties, 2,000BP-present.

Thedeterminationof age with reference to a specific timescale, such as a fixed calendrical system; also referred to as chronometric dating

Animportanttechnique, primarily employing aerial and satellite imagery, used in the discovery and recording of archaeological sites
(see also LIDAR and reconnaissance)

first stage of behavioral processes, in which raw materials are procured

the role of the individual in promoting change, ex. working w locals

people who studied and collected artifacts

the physical history and record of human prehistory, explaining why cultures failed or prospered

study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

any object made by a human, typically an item of cultural or historical interest

group of artifacts that are related in some way, often found together in the same context

objects found near one another in the same context

an archeological theory that expands upon the nature and aims of archeology in regards to human begavior and material culture

ideas influenced by prexisting theories that are discriminatory

study of human or biological traits and how they evolved

a figurative term for a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged

uses fossils to establish relative ages of artifacts

the disturbance of sedimentary deposits by living organisms

taking the normal dustrubution of radiocarbin age ranges and using it ti generate a histogram showing the relative probabilities for calander ages

believes that all of earths surface are produced by physical chemical and biological processes through long periods of geological

any set of formal caterpgories into a which paticular data is sorted

helping the locals benefit from site operations and tourism to prevent looting

measures into the ground to determine if there is a sute

explores the application of archeological thinking to the contemporary world

most important aspect of an artifact, feature, or site

study of ppl who share a common cultural system that shape the world and its effects

study of human adaptations to social and physical environments

involves reaserch to identify evaluate document register and establish other basic infor about cultural reasoyrces

a contingous geographic area within which most societies share many traits in common

cultural historians study beliefs and ideas mucg as intellectual historians do.

process of proving hypothesis

the science or technique if dating events enviormenatl change abd archeological artifacts by using the characterupistic patterns of anunuak growth in timber

action of sediment being layed down via nature

language has evolved over time

investigating the site by using historical events to work back in time

materials that have discarded when they are no longer of use

any organic material that has been altered by humans

approaches functions within certain cultures,aimimg to identify behaviors relative to that culture

evaluation of other cultures based of your own preconceptions that come from your culture

the scentific description of the customs of individual peoples and cultures

objective view of paticular lamgugae or culture

process of digging to reveal bones, features, and artifacts

attempts to generate and test archeological hypothesis

strata may be identified by the fossils they contain

a nonportable elememt of an archeological site

one step in recovering information about the past

the ability of one species to remain unchanged for a long time

any event or situation that effects the archeological records

he was the first to apply scientific method to anthropology, emphasiszing a reaserch first method of generation theories

a natural stone formation hard to distinguish from man-made artifacts

computer daa for capturing storing and checking data related to positions on earth surface

to understand how and why human behavior has changed over time

a design that breaka a section of ground into small squares

reaches up to 100ft/30 meters in low conductivity to determine materials such as g

determining the terrestial two or three dimensional proportions of the land

the time it takes for a sample to decay

another city destroyed by mt.vesuvius

seeks to engage and empower indeginous people in the preservation of their heratige to correct percieved inequalities from modern archeology

a typr of reasoning that forms general conclusions from evidence

things like bronze , and metal alloys

calculated how old the universe was

calculated the exact day and time earth was formed

he explained cultural change and questioned how people live with society and enviorments

one layer if it was deposited over another layer the lower layer was first deposited

study of how speech varies with social factors and over time

person who digs up site indiscriminately looking for monetary finds without recording any educational content

finds and maps subsurface features

is when a material is processed

a natural object that has deliberately taken from its original enviorment and relocated without further modification

body of physical evidence about the past

material surrounding the finding

middle paleolithic, middle stone age

new stone age

archeological findings focused in the americas

believs the earth is formed by alterations in earth crust,stratigraphy

sampling that is based off convience,purpose,snowball, or quota

a set of cultural elements and values that society demands its members to adopt

biodegradable material from living creatures and plants

15th and 16th century europe when looking at greek and roman remains

natural mummy of a man around 3350 and 3105 B.C

old stone age

measures ancient orientation of the earths magnetic poles to determine the age of rocks

a city destroyed by mount vesuvius

a conceptual framework forma scientific discipline a set of asumtions methods snd objectives to determine a scientific investigation

a feild surface survey

radical critique of processual archeology to establish a new begenning in archeological theory brought on by New archeology

conservation of sites via nature or mechanical approaches

the context of an artifact, feature, or site thst has not been disturped since its original deposition

random,systemic,stratified,and cluster sampling

the process in which ideas and objects are recognized differtiated and understood

rejects that culture has a normal set or dynamics

where something was originated or nurtured

preventing the looting and vandalism of archeologicak places ans to combat the illicit international trade

relating or using rate of disentigration of radioactive materials

exactly what it sounds like

area of a country with fixed characteristics

science of determing the relative order of last events based off other

overall strategy and approach to integrate different components of the study

measures subterranean resistance to electrical pulses

exactly what it is

u know this mf

context that deposition has been partially altered via humans or nature

phase 1 of standard archeological technique, used to discover and pinpoint areas worth investigation

location of cluster of stuff

The act of promoting and advocating of the preservation of archaeological sites for the benefit of future generation

A layer or series of layers of rock in the ground

The branch of geology concerned with the order and relative position of strata and their relationship to the geological timescale

it refers to a quality of past human actions which is perceptible in material culture

and examination of a defined area, using visual and subterranean cues

focus on a single culture at a point in time

selecting members of a population at a regular interval

a branch of paleontology that deals woth the processes of fossilization

he directed the excavation of the mound, one of a cluster of 13 in Piedmont, blue ridge mountains, and Shenandoah valley

The period decision of human prehistory into three time periods, the Stone Age, the bronze age, and the iron age

based on the fact that natural materials and minerals can absorb in store energy from ionizing radiation

to record the absolute location of tunnel, walls, ceilings, backs and floors

The events and conditions that affect the material remains after it has been deposited until it has been found or uncovered

A study or studies based off types of classification

what is sounds like

the changes in the earths crust during the geological history have resulted from the action of continuous in uniform processes

The idea that there is a set sequence of stages that all groups will pass through at some point although the pace of the progress through these stages will vary greatly band,tribe,cheifdom