Security Basics

prevents the unauthorized disclosure of data

Encryption and Access Controls

Identification, Authentication, Authorization

reinforces confidentiality by making users claim identity with a unique username

reinforces confidentiality by making users prove their identity with something like a password

reinforces confidentiality by granting or restricting access to resources using an authorization method like permissions

integrity provides assurances that data has not changed, been modified, tampered with, or been corrupted

Hashing - creating a fixed length irreversable output
if the data has not been changed, generating hashes at two different times will show that the hashes are the same

it indicates that data and services are available when needed such as 'hours of operation' and often addresses signle points of failure

Adding fault tolerance and redundancies such as RAID, failover clusters, backups and generators