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Network+ | Chapter 1: Network Models

40 flashcardsby Manethel
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1
At which layer of the OSI model does a network switch that uses MAC addresses for forwarding operate?
  • Layer 1
  • Layer 2
  • Layer 3
  • Layer 4
2
The presentation layer (Layer 6) of the OSI model is primarily considered less critical today because:
  • It no longer handles data encryption.
  • Modern applications can natively interpret most data formats
  • Its functions were merged with the application layer.
  • It only works with outdated copper cabling specifications.
3
Which OSI layer is responsible for establishing, managing, and terminating connections between applications?
  • Network Layer
  • Transport Layer
  • Session Layer
  • Application Layer
4
A network card stripping off the preamble and frame check sequence from an incoming signal is an action that occurs at what layer?
  • Physical Layer
  • Data Link Layer
  • Network Layer
  • Transport Layer
5
The process of taking a large file, like a video, and breaking it into multiple 1500-byte chunks is performed at which layer?
  • Data Link Layer
  • Network Layer
  • Transport Layer
  • Session Layer
6
Which layer of the OSI model would be responsible for defining the voltage levels and the timing of signals across a network cable?
  • Session Layer
  • Transport Layer
  • Data Link Layer
  • Physical Layer
7
When an IP packet is encapsulated into an Ethernet frame, the IP header and data become the ______ of the frame.
  • Preamble
  • Payload
  • Frame Check Sequence
  • MAC Address
8
The primary function of the OSI model's application layer (Layer 7) is to:
  • Provide a user interface for software like a web browser.
  • Supply the network-aware "smarts" or APIs that allow applications to access network services
  • Encrypt data before it is transmitted onto the network.
  • Establish a connection with a remote server.
9
A router makes its forwarding decisions based on logical IP addresses. At which OSI layer does a router primarily operate?
  • Layer 1
  • Layer 2
  • Layer 3
  • Layer 4
10
Which of the following tasks is a key responsibility of the data link layer (Layer 2)?
  • Ensuring reliable end-to-end delivery of data across a network.
  • Converting data into a format the application layer can understand.
  • Addressing frames using MAC addresses to deliver them to the correct device on the LAN
  • Breaking a large data stream into smaller segments for transmission.
11
What is the primary function of a hub in an early network?
  • To filter frames based on MAC addresses
  • To route packets based on IP addresses
  • To act as a repeater and broadcast data to all other ports
  • To break large data streams into segments
12
What is the maximum size, in bytes, of the data payload for a standard Ethernet frame?
  • 64 bytes
  • 512 bytes
  • 1500 bytes
  • 9000 bytes
13
The discrete chunks of data that are created and "eaten" by network cards are called:
  • Segments
  • Packets
  • Frames
  • Datagrams
14
In the analogy of data moving across a network, what does a stream of alternating "ones and zeros" represent?
  • IP Addresses
  • MAC Addresses
  • Binary data being transmitted physically
  • Port numbers
15
What is a major disadvantage of using a hub in a network?
  • It is too expensive.
  • It operates only at the Network layer.
  • It creates security and efficiency issues by sending data to every connected device
  • It cannot connect more than four computers.
16
A Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique identifier that is:
  • Assigned by a DHCP server and can change.
  • A logical address used for routing over the internet.
  • Burned into every network interface card (NIC) at the factory
  • Configured by the network administrator in software.
17
How many bits long is a MAC address?
  • 32
  • 48
  • 64
  • 128
18
What does a network card do when it receives a frame with a destination MAC address that does not match its own?
  • It forwards the frame to the next router.
  • It strips away the MAC information and sends the data up.
  • It makes the frame disappear and does nothing with it
  • It sends a NAK (Non-Acknowledgement) message back.
19
The first three pairs of a MAC address, known as the OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier), represent:
  • The serial number of the specific network card.
  • The model number of the computer.
  • The manufacturer of the network card.
  • The logical network the device is on.
20
In an Ethernet frame, what is the purpose of the source MAC address?
  • To tell the hub which port to send the frame out of.
  • So the receiving computer knows where to send replies.
  • To identify the type of data contained in the frame.
  • To encrypt the payload of the frame.
21
The primary limitation of MAC addresses that necessitates the use of logical IP addresses is:
  • MAC addresses are too long and difficult to manage.
  • MAC addresses are not unique and can cause conflicts.
  • MAC addressing is insufficient for large, distributed networks like the internet.
  • MAC addresses change every time a device connects to a new network.
22
At the Network Layer (Layer 3), what information does a device inspect to determine if an incoming packet is intended for it?
  • The destination MAC address
  • The destination port number
  • The destination IP address
  • The source MAC address
23
What is the fundamental difference between the addressing used at Layer 2 and the addressing used at Layer 3?
  • Layer 2 uses IP addresses, while Layer 3 uses MAC addresses.
  • Layer 2 uses logical addresses, while Layer 3 uses physical addresses.
  • Layer 2 uses physical addresses, while Layer 3 uses logical addresses.
  • There is no significant difference; they are used interchangeably.
24
After a device at the Network Layer confirms a packet is for it and strips away the IP header information, what does it do with the remaining data?
  • It discards the data, as its job is complete.
  • It places the data directly into the application.
  • It sends the data up to the Transport Layer (Layer 4).
  • It converts the data from binary into a readable format.
25
The core function of the Network Layer can be best summarized as:
  • Managing sessions between applications.
  • Reliably transmitting data segments.
  • Addressing and routing packets across networks.
  • Defining electrical signals for transmission.
26
A port number, in the context of networking, is best defined as a:
  • Physical receptacle on a computer case for a network cable.
  • 16-bit unsigned number that distinguishes between different services
  • 32-bit logical address used for internet routing.
  • 48-bit burned-in address for a network interface card.
27
Which range of port numbers is designated as "Well-known" or "System" ports and assigned to legacy and core services like HTTP and DNS?
  • 0 to 1023
  • 1024 to 49151
  • 49152 to 65535
  • 256 to 2048
28
The combination of an IP address and a port number is known as a:
  • Frame
  • Packet
  • Socket
  • Segment
29
If an application needs to use a port number for an outgoing connection that is not permanently assigned to any service, from which range would it most likely select a source port?
  • Well-known ports (0-1023)
  • Registered ports (1024-49151)
  • Dynamic ports (49152-65535)
  • System ports (0-1023)
30
What is the primary function of port numbers?
  • To ensure data is encrypted during transmission.
  • To get data to the right application on a device after it has reached the right computer.
  • To route packets across the internet to the correct network.
  • To define the electrical specifications for data transfer.
31
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is unique because it traditionally uses two port numbers. What are they used for?
  • Port 21 for encryption and Port 22 for control.
  • Port 20 for data and Port 21 for control codes.
  • Port 22 for data and Port 23 for the session.
  • Port 80 for data and Port 443 for control.
32
Which of the following protocols is assigned to the Well-known port number 22?
  • HTTP
  • Telnet
  • DNS
  • Secure Shell (SSH)
33
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for assigning which group of port numbers?
  • Dynamic Ports
  • Registered Ports
  • Well-known Ports
  • All of the above
34
Which transport layer protocol, TCP or UDP, would be most suitable for a live video streaming service where low latency is critical, and the occasional lost packet is acceptable?
  • TCP, because it guarantees delivery.
  • UDP, because it is a low-latency protocol.
  • TCP, because it performs error correction.
  • UDP, because it uses a three-way handshake.
35
What is the fundamental characteristic that distinguishes TCP from UDP?
  • TCP uses IP addresses, while UDP uses MAC addresses.
  • TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, while UDP is connectionless.
  • TCP operates at the Network Layer, while UDP operates at the Application Layer.
  • TCP is used for web browsing, while UDP is used for email.
36
Which process does TCP use to establish a reliable connection before data transfer begins?
  • A Four-way Finishing Handshake
  • Port Number Assignment
  • A Three-way Handshake
  • MAC Address Resolution
37
For which of the following applications would the use of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) be most appropriate?
  • Transferring a large spreadsheet file where data integrity is critical.
  • Loading a static web page on an e-commerce site.
  • A real-time voice-over-IP (VoIP) call where low delay is essential.
  • Sending an email with an important document attachment.
38
The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is primarily used for which of the following tasks?
  • Encrypting data payloads for secure transmission.
  • Establishing and managing VPN tunnels.
  • Sending error messages and network diagnostic information.
  • Reliably transferring files between a client and a server.
39
Within the IPsec protocol suite, which component is responsible for authenticating the origin and ensuring the integrity of an IP packet, but does not encrypt its payload?
  • Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)
  • Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
  • Authentication Header (AH)
  • Transport Layer Security (TLS)
40
What is the primary purpose of the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol within IPsec?
  • To encrypt the data payload of individual packets.
  • To create and manage the security associations (SAs) that define the encryption keys and parameters.
  • To authenticate the user accessing the VPN.
  • To encapsulate the entire original IP packet within a new header.
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