1what is a group ?
two or more people who interact with eachother and influence eachother
2what are dynamics ?
the infuence members have on eachothers ( opinions , decisions )
3what is the hierarchical vs egalitarian system ?
the separation into leaders and followers
4what does social facilitation mean ?
performance increases due to the interaction with others
5what is the Yerkrs Dpdson law ?
too much arousal will decrease performance
6what is Zajonc's social facilitatio model ?
presence of people → arousal → can either :
1. inhibint non dominant response
2. facilitates fominant response
7what is an example of social facilitation ?
good sport players play even better when the sport is televised
8what is an example of social inhibition ?
a person that learns how to play pool will do woest if there are many others looking at him
9why do we feel aroused when we are watched ?
due to evolution apprehansion
10what does evolution apprehension mean ?
care about how others judge them
11what is mere presence ?
only other presence is sufficient to create arousal
12what is the cockroach example of social facilitation?
goal : go to the dark whole
1. dominant :straight → worst
2. non dominant :corner → much better
3. public dominant → much better
4. public non dominant → much worst
13what is social loafing ?
people try less hard when in a bigger group
14what is an example of social loafing ?
rope pulling, hand clapping
15in which condition is social loafing most likely to happen ?
when there is no evaluation
16based on what thining does social loafting work ?
self short term rather than collective long term benefit
17what is the " too much talent " effect ?
whenever tis a single gorup all of the participats do too good that it decrease performance
( basketball , football)
18how can we reduce social loafing ?
make individial contribution visible
appealing / challanging → intrinsic motivation
increase coehision
increased percieved importance of group
19what is group polarisation ?
opinions become more extreme when discussed in a group
20what are online 'echo chambers'?
perform closed discussion communities of like minded others
21what is confirmation bias ?
serch for people to validate opinions
22how can political extrimism be explianed ?
people at extremes have more confidence in opinion
polarised opinions more simplistic
23what is the dunning kruger effect ?
people with low ability at a task overestimate their ability
however high confidence does not mean that they are good at that task
24when are we more selfish ?
whenever we are in a group vs individually
25how is it called wehn you prefer to give resprces to people inyour own group ?
ingroup favourtism
26what is risky shift phenomenon ?
groups take riskier decisions
27what is groupthink ?
cohiesive group become blind cannot see other perspective
people agree with group decision and do not take into consideration other perspectives
28what are the causes of groupthink ?
cohesion
group isolation
29what are the sypthoms of groupthink ?
overestimation group capcity/morality
closed mindness
uniformity pressure
30what is closed mindess ?
no reflection of decision, steryotyping others
31what is uniformity pressure ?
conformity,unanimity and mindgurad
32ehat are some exmaples of groupthink form history ?
1. bay of pigs
2. Bush administation war in Iraq
33how can we prevent groupthink ?
criticism and disagreements are good
dissenting group member
outside critiqe
no group isolaiton
before implementing ask feedback from others
34what is minority influence ( e.g. Greta Thumberg ) ?
consistency
self confidence
defection form majority
35What is ledership ?
groups hierechal leder
36what are the skills that a leader needs ?
motivating, leading , guiding the group
37what types of leaders are there ?
1. task oriented
2. social
3. transformational that inspire ( Hitler )
38what is the difference between power and status ?
power : control that one has over another person's outcomes
status : extent to ehich others hold one in higher prestige
39can power as opportunity corrupt ?
personal ambitions → increases cheating
40can power as responsability corrupt ?
focus on collective goals → non corrupting