Linkage Institutions

method used during campaigns to convince people to vote for a specific candidate

Direct group involvement in the electoral process. Groups can help fund campaigns, provide testimony, and get members to work for candidates, and some form Political Action Committees (PACs).

lobbying activities performed by rank-and-file interest group members and would-be members

Spending by political action committees, corporations, or labor unions that is done to help a party or candidate but is done independently of them.

an organized effort to gain public backing by bringing a group's views to public attention

a signal telling a legislator what values are at stake in a vote, and how that issue fits into his or her own political views on party agenda

an organized group of workers

a meeting of the members of a legislative body who are members of a particular political party, to select candidates or decide policy

a preliminary election to appoint a member of a political party to run in the general election.

influential party members who are able to vote how they want towards a nomination (significant in Democratic party)

people choose the option that benefits them best

Position in society, based on a combination of education, occupational status, and income.

people who tend to participate in all forms of politics to promote their interests

A committee, set up by a corporation, labor union, or other interest, that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations; Created by the 1974 campaign finance reforms. A corporation, union or some other interest group can create a PAC and register with the FCC which will meticulously monitor the PAC's expenditures.

a Political Action Committee that campaigns independently of a candidate, which bypasses traditional laws that limit who and how much money can be donated.

funds that can be used for direction campaigning but that are limited and regulated by the FCC

funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities, such as get-out-the-vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate

Organization that, under section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code, raise and spend money to advance political causes

the decision for a political part to support one candidate in a general election. (i.e. Donald Trump was the Republican nomination in 2016 for President)

the process by which states try to schedule primaries early in the calendar season to increase their importance and influence.

Elections to select party nominees in which voters can decide on Election Day whether they want to participate in the Democratic or Republican contest.

Elections to select party nominees in which only people who have registered in advance with the party can vote for that party's candidates, thus encouraging greater party loyalty.

the system by the framers to elect the President of the United States. Individual states select electors who cast ballots for the President based on the number of representatives the state has in congress.

a coherent way of thinking about how politics and government ought to be carried out

the process by which new issues are brought into the political limelight

Something of value (money, a tax write-off, prestige, clean air, and so on) that cannot be withheld from a group member.

a belief that one has an obligation to participate in civic and political affairs

a belief that you can take part in politics (internal efficacy) or that the government will respond to the citizenry (external efficacy)

the willingness of the government to respond to its citizens

the ability for a citizen to understand and take part in politics

social class (decreasing based on issues such as race relations, abortion, school prayer), race & ethnicity, regions, incorporating religion into political views--- what divides us?

when two or more subgroups intersect in one person.

the right to vote

cannot deny the right to vote based on race, 1870

cannot deny the right to vote based on gender, 1920

voting age lowered to 18, 1971

different ways that American citizens get involved in politics, ranging from voting, signing petitions, protesting, etc.

relatively routine political behavior that uses institutional channels and is acceptable to the dominant culture (i.e. signing a petition)

relatively uncommon political behavior that challenges or defies established institutions and dominant norms (i.e. holding a sit-in

A form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences.

A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867

A requirement that citizens pass a literacy test in order to register to vote

the practice of keeping blacks from voting in the southern states' primaries through arbitrary use of registration requirements and intimidation

A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote

a law passed to remove barriers to African American's ability to vote

a system in the United States where citizens must sign up to vote. Usually intended to protect fair elections and prevent voter fraud.

the proportion of voting-age public that votes

The college group of voters in America. Politicians will use the electorate as a means to describe one voice for Americans when voting for a candidate.

law passed in 1993 that allows for a person to register to vote while renewing their driver's license

a voter's evaluation of the performance of the party in power

a voter's evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected