1What are the 2 main components of the nervous system?
The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
2What structures make up the central nervous system?
The brain and the spinal cord
3What are the three parts of the brain?
The forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain
4What is the role of the limbic system?
Associated with emotion and memory formation
5What are the 6 F's of the Limbic System?
Fighting, Fleeing, Feeling, Fornicating, Feeding, and Formation
6What are the main parts of the Limbic System?
Amygdala, Hippocampus, Hypothalmus, and Cingulate Cortex
7What are the 4 parts of the Cingulate Cortex?
The Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC), the Midcingulate Cortex, the Posterior Cingulate Cortex (PCC), and the Retrosplenial Cortex.
8What functions are associated with the hypothalamus?
Thermoregulation, hunger, thirst, hydration, sleep, and circadian rhythyms
9What is the primary function of the cerebellum?
Motor coordination and timing of motor events
10What does the medulla oblongata regulate?
Basic rythyms in the body, such as heart rate, respiration, and blood pressue
11What is the function of the spinal cord?
It acts as a conduit for sensory information to the brain and motor information from the brain
12What are the 2 main parts of the peripheral nervous system?
The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
13What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?
Control involuntary bodily processes and maintain homeostasis
14What is the main function of the somatic nervous system?
Control conscious, voluntary movements of the body and to transmit sensory information from the skin, sensory organs, and joints to the CNS
15What do afferent neurons do?
Send sensory information to the spinal cord
16What do efferent neurons do?
Send impulses away from the spinal cord to direct voluntary movement
17
What is the role of the Parasympathetic nervous system?
It directs bodily functions during rest and repose
18What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?
Prepares the body for fight or flight during emergency situations
19What are the 3 main messages communicated by neurotransmitters?
Excitation, inhibition, and neuromodulation
20What neurotransmitter is associated with learning?
Glutamate
21What neurotransmitter is associated with motor coordination?
GABA
22What is the primary role of dopamine in the CNS?
Associated with motivation and movement
23What is the function of serotonin in the CNS?
It is associated with consciousness and perception
24What is the function of acetylcholine in the PNS?
It stimulates contraction of muscles at the neuromuscular junction
25What is the role of norepinephrine in the PNS?
Acts as the primary neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system
26What is the role of the thalamus?
Serves as an integration center for coordinating senses, consciousness, alertness, and sleep
27What is the difference between excitation and inhibation in neurotransmitter action?
Excitation brings a neuron closer to firing threshold, while inhibition takes it further away
28What is neuromodulation?
It modifies how a neuron responds to excitation or inhibition
29What is the primary function of the forebrain?o
Drives higher cognitive processing, sensory perception, and homeostasis
30What structures make up the forebrain?
Cerebrum, Thalmus, Hypothalmus, Limbic System
31What is the primary function of the midbrain?
Major pathway and control center for vision, hearing, motor control, and alertness
32What structures make up the midbrain?
The top part of the brainstem, split into the tectum, the tegmentum, and the cerebral peduncles
33What is the primary function of the hindbrain?
Controls essential bodily functions like breathing, heart rate, balance, and motor coordination
34What structures make up the hindbrain?
The medulla oblongata, the pons, the cerebellum, and the reticular formation