Flashcard decks

Urinary System

73 flashcardsby KatlynKE
Study these flashcardsFree · spaced repetition · iPhone, Android, Mac & web

All cards

1
What are the three main functions of the kidneys?
*maintain chem composition of blood
*filter many liters of fluid from the blood
*send toxins/metabolic wastes/excess water out of the body
2
What are the three main nitrogenous wastes?
*urea
*uric acid
*creatine
3
What transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
ureters
4
What transports urine from bladder to external?
urethra
5
What position are kidneys in? (shape/position)
*bean shaped
*retroperiotoneal position
*right kidney lower than left
6
Name of site where ureterslood vessels/lymphatics/nerve enters and exists the kidney?
hilum
7
Are kidneys within the peritoneum?
No, retroperitoneal position
8
What are the three suportive tissue layers of the kidney?
*Renal Fascia
*Perirenal fat capsule
*Fibrous (renal capsule)
9
What is the renal fascia?
*outermost CT that anchors kidneys to surronding structures
10
What is perirenal fat capsue?
*fatty cushion that surronds each kidney for insulation and protection
11
What is Fibrous (renal) capsule?
*smooth membrane tightly enclosing kidney (presvents spread of infection
12
Term for outer region of kidney that contains nephrons?
*Renal Cortex
13
Term for inner region of kidney that contains 6-10 con-shaped renal pyramids?
*Renal medulla
14
What are renal columns?
*inward extensions of cortical tissue that seperates the pyramids
15
What portion of the kidney releases urine into the minor calyx?
Papilla (inner tip of pyramid)
16
What does the minor calyx do?
*cup shaped strcutre that drains pyramids at papillae
17
What does major calyx do?
*collects urine from minor calyces and empties it into renal pelvis
18
What structure (within kidney) collects all urine and is continous with the ureter?
*Renal pelvis (funnel shaped tube)
19
How much blood do the renal arteries deliever to the kidneys each min?
*1/4 of cardiac output (1200 ml)
20
What runs along each renal artery and regulates renal blood flow through adjustment of renal arterioles diameter?
renal plexus of sympathetic nerves
21
List off the arteries found in the kidney starting and renal artery:
*Renal artery
*segmental arteries
*interlobar arteries
*arcuate arteries
*cortical radiating arteries
22
Veins in Kideny:
*cortical radiate veins
*arcuate vein
*interlobar veins
*renal vein
23
What does renal artery come from?
descending abdominal aorta
24
What does renal vein go to?
inferior vena cave
25
what blood vessels between the cortical radiate artery and the cortical radiate vein?
*afferent arteriole
*glomerulus (capillaries)
*efferent arterioles
*peritubular capillaries (vasa recta)
26
What are the capillaries around the tubes of nephron called?
*peritubular cappilaries (vasa recta)
27
What are the three mechansisms of urine formation?
*Glomerular filtration
*Tubular Reabsorption
*Tubular Secretion
28
Function of Glomerular filtration?
*produces filtrate that is cell and protein free
29
Function of Tubular Reabsorption?
returns useful substances from filtrate back into blood circulation
30
Function of Tubular Secretion?
*moves wastes from blood and filtrate
31
How many nephrons per kidney?
1 million/kidney
32
What are the two main portions of a nephron?
Renal Corpuscle
*Renal Tubule
33
Function of Renal corpuscle?
filters blood plasma
34
function of renal tubule?
*processes filtrate into urine
35
What are the two parts of a renal corpuscle?
*glomerulus (fenestrated capillaries)
*glomerular capsule (cup shaped hollow structure surronding glomerulus)
36
What are the three segments of the glomerulus and function?
*parietal layer (outer layer for structural integrity)
*visceral layer (inner layer, covers glomerulus, podocytes)
*capsular space (space between layers, where filtrate collects)
37
Three portions of the Renal Tubule?
*PCT
*Nephron loop (loope of Henle)
*DCT
38
What happens in the PCT?
65% of filtrate is reabsroped, some secretion
39
What happens in the Loop of Henle?
*15% filtrate reabsorped
40
What happens in DCT?
more secretion (hormone regulation)
41
What structure receives filtrate from many nephrons and adjust it's final composition and concentration?
*collecting ducts
42
What are the three layers within the filtration membrane?
*Gomerular endothelia cells (fenestrated)
*Basement Membrane (fused)
*Food processes of Podocytes (filtration slits)
43
What are the two types of nephrons? and % of each
*Cortical Nephrons (85%)
*Juxtamedullary Nephrons (15%)
44
Location of cortical nephrons (85%)?
*mostly in the cortex (for reabsorption and secretion) find peritubular capillaries and glomerulus
45
Location of juxtamedullary nephrons (15%)?
*nephron loop deep in medulla (establishes salinity gradient) important for formation of concentrated urine (gomerulus and vasa recta)
46
Which nephron is associated with reabsorption and secretion?
cortical nephrons (85%)
47
Which nephron is associated with formation of concentrated urine?
juxtamedullary nephrons
48
What are the three nephron capillary beds?
*glomerulus
*peritubular capillaries
*vasa recta
49
What type of capillary (found in kidneys) is suited for absorption of water and solutes, which nephron associated with?
*peritubular capillaries, cortical nephrons
50
What type of capillary (found in kidneys) is suited for establishing a salienity gradient of concentrated urine, which nephron associated with?
*vasa recta capilaries, cortical nephrons
51
What type of capillary (found in kidneys) is suited for filtratation? Name it's parts?
*glomerulus fed by afferent arteriole, drained by efferent arteriole
52
What is the structural arragnemnt between afferent arteriole and DCT?
*Juxtaglomerular Complex (JGC)
53
What two cells are found in the Juxtaglomerular Complex?
*macula densa cells (chemoreceptors)
*granular cells (JG) (mechanorecptors)
54
Where are macula densa cells found? What do they monitor?
Found in the juxtaglomerular complex and monitors NACl content (chemoreceptor)
55
Where are granular cells found? What do they monitor?
*Found in juxtaglomerular complex, monitors blood pressure
56
Where are granular cells found in the juxtamedullar complex?
granular cells surronding the afferent arteriole
57
Where are macula densa cells found in the juxtamedullar complex?
within the DCT
58
How do ureters enter the bladder and why?
enter bladder at an angle, prevents backflow of urine
59
What are renal calculi?
kidney stones
60
Med term for kidney stones?
Renal Calculi
61
What is Vesicoureteral reflux condition?
*urine reglux (backflows) into ureters and even kidneys
*results in strong persistant urge to urinate and leads to frequent infection
62
Structure of urinary bladder? and purpose?
*muscular sac (detrusor muscle)
63
movement of RBC through (juxtamedulary nephron) starting at renal artery:
renal artery> segmental arteries> interlobar arteries> arcuate arteries> cortical radiating arteries> afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent glomerulus, vasa recta, cortical radiating vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein
64
T/F
Urinary bladder is located within peritoneum?
false, the bladder is retroperitoneal
65
What is Trigone region?
*triangular are on the bladder floor
>marked by ureter opening and urethra
66
What are the folds within the bladder called?
Regae
67
What is the capacity of the bladder? moderately full and full?
*Moderately full= 500 ml
*Max= 1000 ml
68
What is the outer layer surronding the bladder called?
*Adventitia
69
What muscle makes up the bladder?
*Detrusor muscle
70
What is the med term for the condition that leads to backflow of urine and consequent infections?
*Vesicoureteral reflux
71
What is the urethra?
*muscular tube that drains urine from bladder
72
How long is urethra in females?
*3-4 cm
73
How long is the urethra in males?
*20 cm
Study all 73 cards for free