1Disease classification of Trichomoniasis?
*vaginitis (STI)
2Vaginitis is aka?
Trichomoniasis
3What type of micro-organism is Trichomoniasis?
*Protozoan parasite
*motile (flagella)
*undergoes binary fission (generates CO2 and hydrogen gas)
4What surfaces does Trichomoniasis, vaginalis adhere to?
*mucosal surfaces
5What is the global incidence of Trichomoniasis?
*248 million cases/yr
6Epidemiology of Trichomoniasis?
*Reservoir: humans
*portal of entry: (vagina, urethra)
*Transmission: direct (STI), vertical (rare)
7Incubation period of Trichomoniasis?
*4-20 dys
8Pathogenesis of Trichomoniasis?
*adhesion to and colonization of epithelial sufaces
*motile cells cause mechanical damage (pinpoint hemmorhage)
*release of hydrogen gas causes frothy discharge
9What percentage of men experience symptoms with Trichomoniasis? What are the symptoms?
*15% experience symptoms
*Urethritis
(rarely: epididymitis, prostatitis, superficial penile ulcerations)
10What percentage of women experience symptoms of Trichomoniasis?
*50% of women have no symptoms
*50% of women have symptoms
11Trichomoniasis symptoms experienced by women?
*erythema
*purulent frothy vaginal discharge
*genital irritation
*painful or difficult urination
*abdnormal odor (assoicated with second bacterial infection
12What are complications experienced by women with Trichomoniasis?
*adverse pregnancy outcomes (ex) pre term birth, low birth weight)
*3x risk for acquiring HIV
13What are complications experienced by men with Trichomoniasis?
*potential association with prostate cancer
14Prevention of Trichomoniasis?
*abstinence
*barrier methods of contraception
15Treatment for Trichomoniasis? How effective?
*Metronidazole (Flagyl)
*Tinidazole
90-95% effective
16Why does Trichomoniasis not need O2?
it does not have a mitochondria
17What is morbidity?
*incidence of disease within a population
18What is Comorbidity?
*current disease increases the risk of developing another specific disease
19What is mortality?
*overall death rate
20Explain case-fatality rate?
*deaths that are reported as related to a specific disease
21What is the chain of infection?
*reservoir of infectious agent
*portal of exit
*transmission
*portal of entry
*susceptible host
22What is pathogenicity?
*ability of a micro-organism to cause disease
23What five things influences the epidemiology of diseases?
*pathogen characteristics
*portal of entry
*dosage of pathogen (ID-50)
*incubation period (how long for the pathogen to replicate)
*host predisposing factors (whose are risk, consider natural immunity or previously acquired immunity)
24What are 7 predispoing factors for disease?
*physiology
*genetics (inherited traits)
*enviroinment (climate, weather)
*age
*Health (diet/lifestyle)
*fatigue
*chemotherapy (vulnerable immune system)
25What is a propagated epidemic? what type of transmission is typically seen?
*begins with one person and spreads (ussually person to person transmission)
*rapid spread of disease in a relatively short period of time
26What is a common-source epidemic?
*group of people get sick after being exposed to an infectious agent or toxin (same source)
27What is the disease classification of Rubella?
*Rubella virus
*enveloped virus, small genome, spherical shape
28Epidemiology of Rubella?
*reservoir: humans
*portal of entry: respiratory tract
*mode of transmission: aerosol respiratory secretions, direct contact with contaminated fluids, vertical (mother to fetus)
29Describe the infectious period of Rubella?
*infectious 7 dys before symptoms arise, and 7 dys after rash appears
30Pathogenesis of Rubella?
*virus infects respiratory tract and seads to rest of body bia lymphatic system
*virus targets skin, lungs, brain
*immune system leads to rash
*damage to tissue can lead to secondary infection and pnemonia
31Signs and Symptoms of Rubella?
*Koplik spots (mucosa in back of mouth)
*redish purple spots (starts on face and spreads toward feet, 3 dy rash)
*mild fever
*cough
*runny nose
32What are the most serious complication of Rubella?
*it is a teratogen (congenital rubella syndrom CRS) (90% chance if contracted within the first trimester of pregnancy)
*miscarriage
*arthritis
*encephalitis, thrombocytopenia
33How many are hospitilized because of Rubella?
*1 in 4 who get in within 1st 3 months of pregnancy
34Mortality rate of Rubella?
1-2 people per 1000
35What are consequences of CRS (congenital Rubella Syndrome)?
*microcephaly
*PDA (heart formation problems)
*cataracts (eye formation)
36Prevention of Rubella?
*vaccination with live attenuated virus in MMRV
*adminstered at 1-5 yrs of age
37Treatment for Rubella?
*supportive care
*no known effective antivirals
*immunoglobulin