Chapter 2 pt 3: Trichomoniasis and Rubella

*vaginitis (STI)

Trichomoniasis

*Protozoan parasite
*motile (flagella)
*undergoes binary fission (generates CO2 and hydrogen gas)

*mucosal surfaces

*248 million cases/yr

*Reservoir: humans
*portal of entry: (vagina, urethra)
*Transmission: direct (STI), vertical (rare)

*4-20 dys

*adhesion to and colonization of epithelial sufaces
*motile cells cause mechanical damage (pinpoint hemmorhage)
*release of hydrogen gas causes frothy discharge

*15% experience symptoms
*Urethritis
(rarely: epididymitis, prostatitis, superficial penile ulcerations)

*50% of women have no symptoms
*50% of women have symptoms

*erythema
*purulent frothy vaginal discharge
*genital irritation
*painful or difficult urination
*abdnormal odor (assoicated with second bacterial infection

*adverse pregnancy outcomes (ex) pre term birth, low birth weight)
*3x risk for acquiring HIV

*potential association with prostate cancer

*abstinence
*barrier methods of contraception

*Metronidazole (Flagyl)
*Tinidazole
90-95% effective

it does not have a mitochondria

*incidence of disease within a population

*current disease increases the risk of developing another specific disease

*overall death rate

*deaths that are reported as related to a specific disease

*reservoir of infectious agent
*portal of exit
*transmission
*portal of entry
*susceptible host

*ability of a micro-organism to cause disease

*pathogen characteristics
*portal of entry
*dosage of pathogen (ID-50)
*incubation period (how long for the pathogen to replicate)
*host predisposing factors (whose are risk, consider natural immunity or previously acquired immunity)

*physiology
*genetics (inherited traits)
*enviroinment (climate, weather)
*age
*Health (diet/lifestyle)
*fatigue
*chemotherapy (vulnerable immune system)

*begins with one person and spreads (ussually person to person transmission)
*rapid spread of disease in a relatively short period of time

*group of people get sick after being exposed to an infectious agent or toxin (same source)

*Rubella virus
*enveloped virus, small genome, spherical shape

*reservoir: humans
*portal of entry: respiratory tract
*mode of transmission: aerosol respiratory secretions, direct contact with contaminated fluids, vertical (mother to fetus)

*infectious 7 dys before symptoms arise, and 7 dys after rash appears

*virus infects respiratory tract and seads to rest of body bia lymphatic system
*virus targets skin, lungs, brain
*immune system leads to rash
*damage to tissue can lead to secondary infection and pnemonia

*Koplik spots (mucosa in back of mouth)
*redish purple spots (starts on face and spreads toward feet, 3 dy rash)
*mild fever
*cough
*runny nose

*it is a teratogen (congenital rubella syndrom CRS) (90% chance if contracted within the first trimester of pregnancy)
*miscarriage
*arthritis
*encephalitis, thrombocytopenia

*1 in 4 who get in within 1st 3 months of pregnancy

1-2 people per 1000

*microcephaly
*PDA (heart formation problems)
*cataracts (eye formation)

*vaccination with live attenuated virus in MMRV
*adminstered at 1-5 yrs of age

*supportive care
*no known effective antivirals
*immunoglobulin