1What is a research question
A question that outlines a specific scope for investigation related to the topic
2What is an example of a research question?
How does the temperature in the school field change over the course of the day
3What is a hypothesis
A measurable statement consisting of 2 or more variables predicting the outcome of the investigation
4What is primary data and secondary data respectively?
Data that is collected first-hand and data that is collected by someone else respectively
5What is quantitative data?
Data that is quantified and measurable. for example, close-ended responses from a questionnaire survey
6What is qualitative data?
Data that is not easily measurable and subjective in nature. for example, open-ended responses from a questionnaire survey
7What is a limitation in fieldwork
They are certain restrictions in the investigation that might be brought about by the research aim, study area, sample size, and time frame
8What is a risk in fieldwork
It is a possibility of something bad happening such as harm to people and/or nature
9What is sampling?
It is the process of selecting a portion of the population being studied, usually to make generalisations about the population
10What are the 2 types of sampling methods
Probability and non-probability sampling
11Under probability sampling, what is simple random sampling?
Every member of the population is given a number and a random number generator is used to generate random numbers to select the samples. It is used when little is known about the population under study
12Under probability sampling, what is stratified random sampling?
After determining the population size as well as categorising the population into different sub-groups, a proportional percentage of the population is selected using simple random sampling. It is used when the population has many clear sub-groups
13Under non-probability sampling, what is convenience sampling?
After determining the sample size, the samples are selected out of convennience. It is used when there is limited time and is thus carried out in a sponatenous manner
14Under non-probability sampling, what is quota sampling?
After determining the population size as well as categorising the population into different sub-groups, a proportional percentage of the population is selected using convenience sampling. It is used when the population has many clear sub-groups with limited time
15What are questionnaire surveys?
They investigate the opnions of people or organisations using a series of questions. This is qualitative data
16Close-ended vs open-ended questions in a questionnaire
Responses pre-determined by the researcher vs responses that are free-form with opinions, phrases and statements
17What are the types of questions used in questionnaires?
Predefined Responses and rating scales such as likert, frequency and ranking
18What are the 2 measures to analyse and process quantitative data from close-ended questionnaire surveys
Measures of frequency such as count and perdentage as well as measures of central tendency like mean median and mode
19Mean vs median vs mode
Sum of all values/number of values vs middle value vs most frequent value in a data set respectively
20Categorical data vs continous data
Tupes of data that can be put into groups vs data that can be measured on an infinite scale ie numbers
21What is the best way to determine a relationship between 2 variables
Scatter plot with best fit line
22How do you make a scatter plot?
1. Make a title (name, what data, when & where) 2. Label x- and y-axis (with units if any) 3. Plot the points on the graph 4. Draw a best fit line which has an almost even number of data points both below and above it
23What are some map elements?
Title, Orientation, scale & legend/key
24What are some types of graphs?
Bar graphs (simple & comparative), pie charts & line graph
25What are the 3 types of photographs
Ground-level, aerial & satellite images
26What are 2 types of texts?
Color-code questions and word clouds