1How did Gandhi emerge as a leader of Congress by 1919?
He began to develop his goals as he disagreed with the Rowlatt Acts and the Amritsar Massacre
2What did Gandhi fear?
The disregard of Islamic nations
3How was Gandhi able to influence many people?
He made a strong impression and attracted many people
4Why was Gandhi a candidate for the leader of Congress?
He was able to unite Hindus and Muslims, which was Congress' goal
5What were Gandhi's opinions on protesting?
He strongly agreed with non-cooperation and non-violence, he disliked normal protests
6When was the vote for non-cooperation?
Dec 1920, Congress' 25th meeting
7What does non-cooperation require people to do?
Boycott elections, hand back any awards, remove children from government schools, don't attend Raj social events, don't pay taxes, don't buy imported goods, leave all government posts
8Was non-cooperation a success?
Not overall, however it did create the idea that India were serious about freedom. It also caused an increase in Congress members
9Who were the Young Hooligans?
Bose, Narayan and Nehru. They were socialists who instantly wanted change
10How did the membership of Congress change?
many more members (100,000 to 2 million), many older and Muslim members left, Congress extended its appeal to richer peasants
11When was Gandhi arrested?
early 1920s
12What did Gandhi want Indians to change about their lifestyle?
He wanted them to make their own clothes
13What was the Nehru Report?
It abolished separate electorates
14What did the Young Hooligans want?
They demanded instant dominion status and British withdrawal by December 1929
15What was the Simon Commission (1927)?
7 British politicians would review the GOIA
16What was the result of the Calcutta INC Conference (December 1928)?
They wanted dominion status instantly
17How did Labour winning the British election in May 1929 affect India?
Many British people became more sympathetic towards India
18What did the Irwin Declaration (October 1929) say?
It wanted India to receive dominion status
19What was the purpose of the salt satyagraha (March 1930)?
They wanted to protest about the salt tax and its effect on peasants
20What was the effect of the salt satyagraha?
It wasn't very successful but it was impactful as it showed British oppression
21What was included in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (February 1931)?
Congress would halt civil disobedience, Gandhi would attend a second London Conference, 19,000 Congress members would be released from prison, some emergency restrictions would be relaxed
22What was the cause of the concept of seperateness?
Differing beliefs between Hindus and Muslims
23How did Hindus and Muslims feel about having neutrality from the Raj?
It encouraged them to have equal rights. The Princely states had less friction, local communities were sharply divided
24What were some contrasting beliefs between Hindus and Muslims?
They had different methods of prayer, their festivals and sacred animals also clashed
25What were Gandhi's opinions on the Khilafat movment?
He supported it as he thought it could lead to independence
26What were Jinnah's opinions on the Khilafat movement?
He opposed it as he thought that it was opportunic and caused a schism amongst Muslims. He thought that it would hinder independence
27Why was Irwin suspicious of the 1927 Delhi proposal?
He thought that it was cynical, giving up electorates was a sacrifice and it was more political than achieving equality
28What are some key points to answer the question '"Repression was the principal method used by the British to maintain their control over India throughout the years 1914-1930". How far do you agree with this statement?'
Indian nationalists had no say in central government, 1919 GOIA allowed 5 million to vote (this was a very small percentage), MPs in UK were against giving any kind of self government, the Amritsar massacre killed 379 unarmed protesters and 1200 wer injured, 1.5 million Indians served in WWI
29What was an effect of the salt massacre?
Violence spread across India