Topic 2 - Changing Political Relationships, 1920 - 30
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1
How did Gandhi emerge as a leader of Congress by 1919?
He began to develop his goals as he disagreed with the Rowlatt Acts and the Amritsar Massacre
2
What did Gandhi fear?
The disregard of Islamic nations
3
How was Gandhi able to influence many people?
He made a strong impression and attracted many people
4
Why was Gandhi a candidate for the leader of Congress?
He was able to unite Hindus and Muslims, which was Congress' goal
5
What were Gandhi's opinions on protesting?
He strongly agreed with non-cooperation and non-violence, he disliked normal protests
6
When was the vote for non-cooperation?
Dec 1920, Congress' 25th meeting
7
What does non-cooperation require people to do?
Boycott elections, hand back any awards, remove children from government schools, don't attend Raj social events, don't pay taxes, don't buy imported goods, leave all government posts
8
Was non-cooperation a success?
Not overall, however it did create the idea that India were serious about freedom. It also caused an increase in Congress members
9
Who were the Young Hooligans?
Bose, Narayan and Nehru. They were socialists who instantly wanted change
10
How did the membership of Congress change?
many more members (100,000 to 2 million), many older and Muslim members left, Congress extended its appeal to richer peasants
11
When was Gandhi arrested?
early 1920s
12
What did Gandhi want Indians to change about their lifestyle?
He wanted them to make their own clothes
13
What was the Nehru Report?
It abolished separate electorates
14
What did the Young Hooligans want?
They demanded instant dominion status and British withdrawal by December 1929
15
What was the Simon Commission (1927)?
7 British politicians would review the GOIA
16
What was the result of the Calcutta INC Conference (December 1928)?
They wanted dominion status instantly
17
How did Labour winning the British election in May 1929 affect India?
Many British people became more sympathetic towards India
18
What did the Irwin Declaration (October 1929) say?
It wanted India to receive dominion status
19
What was the purpose of the salt satyagraha (March 1930)?
They wanted to protest about the salt tax and its effect on peasants
20
What was the effect of the salt satyagraha?
It wasn't very successful but it was impactful as it showed British oppression
21
What was included in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (February 1931)?
Congress would halt civil disobedience, Gandhi would attend a second London Conference, 19,000 Congress members would be released from prison, some emergency restrictions would be relaxed
22
What was the cause of the concept of seperateness?
Differing beliefs between Hindus and Muslims
23
How did Hindus and Muslims feel about having neutrality from the Raj?
It encouraged them to have equal rights. The Princely states had less friction, local communities were sharply divided
24
What were some contrasting beliefs between Hindus and Muslims?
They had different methods of prayer, their festivals and sacred animals also clashed
25
What were Gandhi's opinions on the Khilafat movment?
He supported it as he thought it could lead to independence
26
What were Jinnah's opinions on the Khilafat movement?
He opposed it as he thought that it was opportunic and caused a schism amongst Muslims. He thought that it would hinder independence
27
Why was Irwin suspicious of the 1927 Delhi proposal?
He thought that it was cynical, giving up electorates was a sacrifice and it was more political than achieving equality
28
What are some key points to answer the question '"Repression was the principal method used by the British to maintain their control over India throughout the years 1914-1930". How far do you agree with this statement?'
Indian nationalists had no say in central government, 1919 GOIA allowed 5 million to vote (this was a very small percentage), MPs in UK were against giving any kind of self government, the Amritsar massacre killed 379 unarmed protesters and 1200 wer injured, 1.5 million Indians served in WWI
29
What was an effect of the salt massacre?
Violence spread across India
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