animal nutrition

any food constitute, compound, or chemical element that aids in the support of life

water, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals, vitamins

ingestion, digestion, absorption, metabolism

maintain weight

decreased performance, at starvation levels possible death

ineffecient fat deposition, wasted money

water

water than dry matter intake

transportation of nutrients, excretion of waste, lubrication, shaping, cushioning, substrate for chemical reaction

drinking water, moisture content of feed, metabolic water

water released through chemical reactions at cell level

fat, carbohydrates, protein

10-20 gal

10-20 gal

1-3 gal

1-2 gal

2:1 dry feedd

warm to hot temperatures, high protien levels, high salt levels, high fiber levels, high dry matter intake

urine, feces, lungs, skin surface, milk

energy

1:2:1

simple sugars; glucose and frutose

two molecules of simple sugars; sucrose maltose, lactoses

many molecules; starch and cellulose

carbohydrates

carbohydrates

source of energy, carbon skeleton for building other nutrients, milk synthesis

principle constitute of organs and soft tissue

proteins

reduced appetite and feed intake, reduced birth weight and growth, reduced colostrum and milk production, decreased hormonal production, decreased fertility

amino acids required in the diet but cannot be synthesized at a rate sufficent enough to meet nutrional requirements

phenylalnine valine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine, methionine, histidine, arginine, leucine, lysine

dietary energy source, source of essential fatty acids, carrier of fat-soluble vitamins, precursor for prostaglandins, major factor in quality grading of beef

increase caloric density of diet, control cust, bind small particles, maintenance of equipment

channel fat; kidney, pelvic, heart

seam fat

below skin surface, backfat

marbling

naturally occuring inorganic element or compound found on earth and in food

required for development and normal functions (building bones, sending nerve impulse)

calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chlorine, sulfur, magnesium

iron, copper, cobalt, fluorine, iodine, manganese, selenium, zinc

A, D, E, K

B- complex, C

vitamin A

vitamin D

Vitamin E

vitamin K

B-complex

Vitamin C; ascoric acid

C6 H8 O6

accelerate chemical reactions; biological catalysts

often end in -ase; begin with a description of the substrate they act upon

metabolism

essential for life, organic non yielding

synthesized within the body, must be provided in the diet

in micrograms or miligrams