Systems and Maintenance

- uncontrolled explosive ignition of fuel-air mix within cylinders combustion chamber
* Causes
1- lower grade fuel than reccomended
2- operating with extremely high manifold pressures in conjunction with low RPMs
3- operation of the engine at a higher power setting with an excessivly lean mixture

- occurs when fuel air mixture ignites prior to the engines normal ignition event
* Causes
1- occurs when the fuel-air mixture ignites prior to the engines normal ignition event
2- residual hot spot in the combustion chambers
3- causes the engine to lose power and produces high operating temperatures

- when low engine operating temperatures are coupled with running a rich mixture

- blade angle is built into the blade itself
- once the propellerhas been built angle cannot be changed

- contrallable pitch propeller whose pitch is automatically varied in flight by a governor
- 2 controls: throttle and the prop control
- once an RPM is selected, a governor automatically adjusts the propeller blade

- an electric generator that uses permanent magnets to produce periodic pulses of alternating current
- generates an electrical current completely independent of the aircrafts electrical system
- operates whenever the crankshaft is rotating
IMPORTANT
- even with the ignition switch in the OFF positon, the ground wire between the magneto and the ignition can become disconnected or broken, and the engine could accidentally start if the propeller is moved with residual fuel in the lines

- ratio of weight of fuel to the weight of the air in the mixture to be burned
- learning the fuel mixture at cruise altiotude promotes optimal engine performance
- leaning before the taxiing prevents spark plugs from fouling

Def: a simple or minor perservation operations and the replacements of small standard parets not involving complex assembly operations
- pilot is allowed to perform perventative maintenance so long as it is not being used for part 121, 123, or 135 operations

any part for which mandatory replacement limit is specified in the type design, instructions, for continued airworthiness or the maintenance manuel

- minimum equipment list
- a document and method aircraft operators use to obtain relief from FAA regulations requiring that all equipment installed on the aircraft be operative at the time of flight
- aircraft specific things spell out which pieces of equipment may be allowed to be inoperation along with any producers that are required

Flying WITHOUT Mel must not...
- be part of the VFR day type certification instruments (91.205)
- be indicated as required on the aircrafts equipment list, or on the equipment list of the flight operations being conducted
- be required to be operational by an airworthiness directive
Inoperative instruments and equipment MUST BE....
- removed from the aircraft, the cockpit control placcarded, and maintenance recorded
- deactivated and placarded inoperative
- if deactivating it requires maintenance it must be logged

Fixed Pitch
- blade angle is built into the blade itself
- once the propeller has been built, the angle can't be changed

Constant-Speed Proppeller
- controllable pitch propeller whose pitch is automatically varied in flight by a governor
- has two controls: the throttle, and the propeller control
- once RPM is selected, a governor automatically adjusts the propeller blade

- an electrical generator that uses permenant magnets to produce periodic pulses of alternating current
- generates an electrical current competely independent of the aircrafts electrical system
- operates whenever the crankshaft is rotating
* note that even with the ignition switch OFF, if the gorund wire between the magneto and the ignition becomes disconnected or broken, then the engine could accidentally start if the prop is moved with residual fuel in the lines

- ratio of weight of fuel to the weight of air in the mixture to be burned
- leaning the fuel mixture at cruise altitude promotes optimal engine performance
- leaning before taxiing prevents spark plugs from fouling

- flying without a minimum equipment list: missing/inoperative equipment must NOT
- be part of VFR-day type certification instruments
- be indicated as REQUIRED on the aircrafts equipment list, or on the equipment list of the flight operation being conducted
- be required to be operational by an airworthiness directive

- removed from the aircraft, cockpit control placarded, and the maintenance needs to be recorded
- deactivated and placarded inoperative
- if deactiviating it requires maintenance, it must be logged