fjcl customs extended

course of honors

steps you take to make it to the highest job (from bottom to top - quaestor, praetor, consul)

executives (2 elected yearly)

judges (8 elected yearly)

treasuers (20 elected yearly)

in charge of roads and public games (4 elected yearly)

in charge of taking the census and public morals (2 elected every five years for 18 months)

had absolute power in times of emergency; normally ruled 6 months maximum

master of the horse/cavalry - assistant to dictator

must be a praetor to enter (for life)

can veto the senate, only plebeians can run (10 elected yearly)

highest class

business class

lowest class

patron

client

visit of client to patron's house

cold food basket given to client when is received by patron in his atrium

patron leads clients to forum

head of family (family includes wife, children, slaves, and property)

power (of life and death in early times) of paterfamilias over family

turning posts

backbone around which they raced

7

eggs and dolphins (wood or bronze) used as lap counters

250,000

chariot races

racing companies

red (russata), white (albata), blue (veneta), green (prasina)

red and white

blue and green

between the Palatine and Aventine hills

white cloth dropped to start a race

2 horse chariot

4 horse chariot

charioteer

successfully completed lap

starting gates

fought with helmet, oblong shield, sword, fish crest on helmet. usually fought the Retiarius or Thracians

lightly clad, armed with a net and trident. usually fought with Myrmillones or Secutores

oblong shield, visored helmet, sword

small round shield, curved scimitar

hunters, fought wild beasts

rode chariots with 2 horses

heavily armed, but can't see out of visored helmet

armed with lasso and a curved piece of wood

"pursuers" - like Samnite but without the neck protector

full-armed with a breast-plate and visored helmet

wooden sword given to gladiators on their retirement

gladiator trainer

giver of games

sand put down to absorb the blood from a gladiator match

hunts where Bestiarii fought wild beasts

to press the thumb against the forefinger - crowd wants to spare gladiators life

turning the thumb upwards or towards the chest - to signify the death stroke

funerals

mock naval battles - they flooded the arena

264 BC

thermae

balneae

dressing room

furnace

hot bath

cold bath

scraping room/massage

scraper

exercise area

the "bath-man"

bath manager

warm bath

open-air bathing pool

changing rooms

splash basin in the caldarium

sweat room, located above the furnace of a bath

ball-playing court

wooden sandals to protect bathers' feet from the hot floors

small curved instruments used to scrape the cleansing oils in the palaestra or the tepidarium

elementary school

elementary school teacher

slave who carries books to school

upper school teacher

teacher of public speaking

pen and notebook

pen and notebook

smallest unit of a legion

double a century (later dropped in favor of a cohort)

6 times a century

basic fighting unit of the Roman army

6-8 men who share a tent (part of a century)

general

victorious general

legionary commander

leader of a centurio

passwords, exchanged in order to indicate hospitium, also tickets & mosaic tiles

standard

holder of standard (of a century or cohort)

silver or bronze eagle-standard (of a legion)

holder of the eagle

horn blower

flag

infantry

cavalry

dart thrower

dart or stone throwing siege engine, larger than a scorpio

threw boulders, means "wild ass" for its kick

siege engine which hurled javelins

sword

shield

helmet (originally only made of leather)

helmet (originally only made of metal)

javelin

spear (used by triarii and hastati)

leather breastplate

military belt

boots

soldier's cloaklanket

dagger

white wedding dress, alson worn under the toga virilis

"saffron" colored veil

engagement

dowry

matron of honor

common law marriage

fictitious sale of the bride

upper class marriage ceremony

procession of wedding party to forum

chief priest, elected for life

start at age 6 - (30 years) learn job for 10 years, work as Vestal for 10 years, teach for 10 years, keep flame of Vesta burning, keep documents, etc. safe; only man allowed in temple (which is round) is Pontifex Maximus

priest who checks sky for omens (birds/lightning)

same as auspex

checks guts of animals for omens (2 hearts are bad)

priest of Mars

household gods

shrine for Lares

gods of cupboards

first name

family name (middle name often, like in Marcus Licinius Crassus)

name for branch of family

earned name

underwear

worn by all (like long t-shirt)

worn by boys under 16 and magistrates (with purple stripe)

all white - worn by men over 16

same as toga virilis

same as toga virilis (boys gave up their toga praetexta on the Liberalia)

worn by men running for office; bright white (chalk)

worn by men in mourning (called sordidati)

men in mourning

women's dress

women's shawl

broach, pin

child's good luck charm, also worn by a triumphant general to protect against envy

shoe for outdoors

sandal for indoors

broad brimmed traveling hat

cap of freedom

entry hallway/large meeting room

hole in roof of atrium - allows water in

basin that catches water

wings off atrium

bust of ancestors, housed in alae

master's office

dining room

kitchen

bedroom

outdoor garden with columns

regular garden

breakfast

lunch

place to buy hot, fast food

dinner

fish sauce

dessert

appetizer

wine mixed with honey

fermented honey and water

grape juice

vinegar

drinking party

to taste

master of the drinking

judge of drinking games

Romans reclined on their left side; there were 3 couches, each seating 3 people

Appian Way, known as queen of roads or "regina viarum", stretched from Rome to Brundisium

road which ran through the forum

"our sea" -Mediterranean

law court

senate house

great sewer

apartment buildings

firemen/police

lightweight, 2 wheeled vehicle

4 wheeled carriage, comfortable and large

litter (carried by 4 slaves)

professional mourners

dirges

oldest son shakes father 3 times and calls his name

stone coffin

underground chamber for urns holding the ashes of a cremated person

worn by triumphant generals, picta means painted, it is purple

underwear

senator's purple sandals

ring (Roman citizens wore an iron ring)

cloak

speakers platform

racing track

rome's prison

sella curulis

bodyguard to magistrate - plebeian

24

kalends, nones, ides (and the day after each) of every month, all of may, half of june, days the lower world was supposed to open - August 24, October 5, November 8

wider at bottom, simple capital, no base

stands on a base, volute capital

slim and tall, a richly decorated capital usually with sculpted flower and leaf decoration

the capital of a column shaped in a double scroll

highest ranking priests in Roman religion

pastoral annual festival

"wolf priests" who participated in Lupercalia

priests who guarded the Sibylline books

priests who arranged feasts and public banquets

priests who attend to the cult of Augustus and the Julii

priests who offered annual sacrifices to the Lares to guarantee good harvests

priests assigned to one out of fifteen deities

first day of every month

the 7th day of full months, and 5th day of hollow ones

the 15th day of full months, and the 13th day of hollow ones

one of three voting assemblies responsible for declaring war and electing higher magistrates

a legislative assembly for plebeians

an assembly for legislative, electoral, and judicial purposes, approved an adrogatio

a tribal assembly for legislative, electoral, and judicial purposes

the level of prestige a person had in society

the ancestral ways from which the Romans derived their social norms

the rights to which a citizen was entitled

the label or caption naming figures or subjects in art

thin curse tablets which a persons name and desired course of action was inscribed

tribal groups living just outside Roman territory

the detachment of a Roman legion to serve as a temporary task force

cattle forum

vegetables market

food market

delicatessen market

fish market

bread market

wine market

marital power

blood relations

blood relations through males

kin by marriage

two women who married brothers

stepson

children of sisters

maternal aunt

the yoke of marriage

poncho-like cloak used for protection against rain or cold worn over the toga

hood of a garment

garment worn for dining and special occasions

festival of Saturn in December, predecessor of Christmas

first man to shave according to Pliny

the poorest meat only used by lower class

the famous general who brought the cherry tree to Rome from Asia Minor

peach

apricot

pomegranate

tea

milk

water

coffee

orange juice

grape juice

apple juice

wine

beer

mineral water

lemonade

apple

strawberry

cherry

fig

melon

grape

raspberry

watermelon

lemon

lime

plum

grapefruit

pineapple

banana

olive

prune

coconut

pear

orange

nuts

blueberry

banishment

act of adopting an adult

release from patria potestas

adoption of child

eastern god worshipped by the Romans that often calls for the slaughter of a bull