Gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhea

gram-negative diplococcus (spherical), fimbriae/pili, intracellular parasite, fastidious, naturally competent, inhibits adapative immunity

Humans

mucosa and compromised skin (mouth, rectum, urogenital system)

direct (STI) and vertical (mother to baby)

2-5 days (Male)

Pili facilitate adhesion to epitheliunm followed by replication, possible biofilm formation, and/or invasion of epithelial cells and phagocytes. Inflammation and pus production facilitate transmission. Infection can spread to blood stream and other organs. Variation in virulence factors prevent immune memory

>80% experience symptoms- inflammation of urethra, discharge clear-cloudy, painful or difficult urination

most asymptomatic (80%)- inflammtion of the cervix, dischagre clear-cloudy, inflammtion of urethra, difficult or painful urination

increased rish of aquiring other STDs, eye infection, arthritis, skin infection, endocarditis

epidiymis and testes infection- testicular pain and swelling, tubule scarring can result in infertility; infection of other reproductive glands

Pelvic Inflammatory disease (PID)- tubal infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain; spontaneous abortion, premature labor, perinatal infant mortality

Abstinence from vaginal, oral, or anal sex; barrier methods of contraception

antibiotics combo- ceftriaxone and azithromycin