11. Modern Physics
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1
Thermionic Emission
The emission of electrons from the surface of a hot metal
2
Cathode rays
Streams of high speed electrons moving from the cathode to the anode
3
Electronvolt (eV)
The energy gained or lost by an electron when it moves through a potential difference of 1 V.
1 eV = 1.6×10^-19 J
1 eV = 1.6×10^-19 J
4
Photoelectric Effect
The release of electrons from the surface of a metal by electromagnetic radiation of a suitable frequency
5
Threshold Frequency
For a given metal is the minimum frequency needed for photoemission to occur
6
Work Function
Of a metal is the minimum energy needed to remove an electron from the surface of the metal
7
Photon
A packet / bundle of Electromagnetic radiation
8
X-Rays
High frequency electromagnetic radiation
9
Emission Spectrum (of an element)
Specific frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted by an element.
10
Atomic Number
of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus. (Z)
11
Atomic Mass Number
of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. (A)
12
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
13
Radioactivity
The decay of unstable nuclei with the emission of one or more types of radiation
14
Alpha Radiation
Fast moving helium nuclei ejected from the nuclei of radioactive atoms
15
Beta Radiation
High speed electrons ejected from the nuclei of radioactive atoms
16
Gamma Radiation
High frequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nuclei of radioactive atoms
17
Ionisation
Loss or gain of an electron
18
Activity
The activity of a radioactive sample is the number of nuclei decaying per second
19
Becquerel
1 Becquerel is equal to 1 disintegration per second
20
Law of Radioactive Decay
The activity is directly proportional
to the number of nuclei present
to the number of nuclei present
21
Half-Life
The time taken for half the nuclei to decay.
22
Nuclear Fission
The breaking up of a large nucleus into two similar sized nuclei with the release of energy and neutrons.
23
Nuclear Fusion
The joining of two small nuclei to form a larger nucleus with the release of energy.
24
Chain reaction (in nuclear fission)
Neutrons from one reaction initiate subsequent reactions
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