morphology, syntax, phonetics
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1
content words/ open class examples
- nouns, verbs, adjectives
- articles, propositions, conjunctions
2
function words/closed class examples
- nouns, verbs, adjectives
- articles, propositions, conjunctions
3
morphology means?
- the study of structure of sentence and the sentences formation rules
- study of structure of patterns and the pattern formation rules
- the study of structure of words and the word formation rules
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what is a morpheme
smallest unit of meaning or grammatical function
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free morpheme...
- can stand alone
- cannot stand alone & affix
- base word
- affix that attached to a root
- roots that cannot stand alone
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roots are...
- cannot stand alone & affix
- base word
- affix that attached to a root
- roots that cannot stand alone
- can stand alone
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bound morphemes...
- affix that attached to a root
- roots that cannot stand alone
- can stand alone
- cannot stand alone & affix
- base word
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stems...
- base word
- affix that attached to a root
- roots that cannot stand alone
- cannot stand alone & affix
- can stand alone
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bound roots...
- roots that cannot stand alone
- base word
- can stand alone
- cannot stand alone & affix
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derivational morpheme means...
change meaning and part of speech
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inflectional morpheme means
have only grammar functions
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suppletions are..
exceptions like children, feet, went, sung
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what is syntax?
pertains to speaker knowledge of the grammar and structure of a sentence
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what teh syntax rules do?
- increase communication
- specify grammar
- allow other to teach
- how words form groups and hierarchy
- create possible meaning
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what grammartically is not based on
- prior exposure to a sentence
- the order of the word
- meaningfulness
- truthfulness
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what is constituents? hint: g
grouping in a sentence
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provide 3 constituency test
1. stand alone test (question) 2. replacement by pronoun. 3. move as a unit
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3 phrasal càtegories are
1. head 2. complement 3. specifier
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s- selection means
- surface
- semantic
- syntactic
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s-structure means
- surface
- semantic
- syntactic
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subcategoriesation that refers to the information about what type of complement can/must a head take is also known as..
C-selection
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yes-no questions are generated in two steps
1. The PS rules generate a basic declarative structure or d-structure of the sentence.
2. transformational rule then move the auxilary bfr subject to create s-structure.
2. transformational rule then move the auxilary bfr subject to create s-structure.
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3 steps to form wh questions?
1. The PS rules generate a basic declarative word order.
2. move the word what to the front.
3. move the modal will.
2. move the word what to the front.
3. move the modal will.
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what is phonetics?
the study of speech sound.
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focuses on the physical properties of the sound language
- articulary phonetics
- auditory phonetics
- acoustic phonetics
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focuses on how the vocal tract produces the sound language
- articulary phonetics
- auditory phonetics
- acoustic phonetics
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focuses on how listener perceived the sound language
- articulary phonetics
- auditory phonetics
- acoustic phonetics
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produced w greater tension in the tougue
- tense vowels
- lax vowels
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produced w less tongue tension
- tense vowels
- lax vowels
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some restriction of the airflows during articulation
- continuants
- consonantal
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airstream flows continuously out of the mouth
- continuants
- consonantal
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